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Rabbits > BB LRGPHOR Ch13 - Rabbit Bacterial Diseases > Flashcards

BB LRGPHOR Ch13 - Rabbit Bacterial Diseases Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the most common bacterial pathogen of laboratory rabbits?
A

Pasteurella multocida

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2
Q
  1. True or False: Pasteurellosis in rabbits usually begins in the nasal cavity following a carrier state, then spreads to other parts of the respiratory system by direct extension.
A

True

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3
Q
  1. Transmission of Pasteurella multocida usually occurs by the __________ route.
A

oral or respiratory

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4
Q
  1. The most common clinical manifestation of rabbit pasteurellosis is:
A

“snuffles” (rhinitis)

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5
Q
  1. True or False: Animals with negative nasal cultures can be accepted as Pasteurella-free.
A

False-is prudent to perform 3 sequential cultures before accepting an animals as Pasteurella-free because approximately 30%jof infected animals may not be detected by a single culture.

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6
Q

What has been suggested as the drug of choice for treatment of Pasteurella-associated rhinitis or conjunctivitis, since there is a high rate of response when the drug is administered.

A

enrofloxacin

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7
Q
  1. The term enterotoxemia is used to refer to enteropathy caused by toxigenic micro-organisms of the genus _________.
A

Clostridium

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8
Q
  1. What group of rabbits is most susceptible to Clostridium enterotoxemia?
A

recently weaned rabbits

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9
Q
  1. What is the most characteristic gross finding of Clostridium enterotoxemia?
A

Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on the serosal surface of the cecum

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10
Q
  1. _______ is the causative agent of Tyzzer’s disease.
A

Clostridium piliforme

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11
Q
  1. Which animal can be housed with rabbits to identify carriers of Clostridium piliforme?
A

Gerbils-are particularly susceptible to Clostridium piliforme infections. Gerbils can be expected to develop histologically evident Tyzzer’s disease when exposed to spores in the feces.

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12
Q
  1. What is the causative agent of Pseudotuberculosis?
A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

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13
Q
  1. The blue-green discoloration caused by ________ produced by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa organism.
A

pyocyanin

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14
Q
  1. Virulent strains of Staphlococcus aureus possess which gene that mediates production of the extracellular toxin?
A

enterotoxin gene cluster (egc)

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15
Q
  1. Which animal is considered to be the natural host for Chlamydophilia caviae?
A

guinea pig

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16
Q
  1. Which bacteria is the most common cause of mandibular & maxillary abscesses in rabbits?
A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

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17
Q
  1. True or False: Brucellosis is rare in domestic rabbits but common in wild lagomorphs, especially members of the genus Lepus.
A

True

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18
Q
  1. Which animal is used to isolate Franscisella tularensis by intraperitoneal injection of the agent?
A

guinea pig

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19
Q
  1. _______ is the only significant cause of tularemia in Europe whereas _________ or __________ subspecies can cause tularemia in North America.
A

F. holartica, F. tularensis, F. holartica

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20
Q
  1. Which animal(s) are thought to be the natural reservoir of Brucella suis?
A

Wild boars & Hares

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21
Q
  1. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli uses an outer membrane protein known as _______ to induce enterocyte effacement and promote intimate bacterial attachment to the host cell.
A

intimin

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22
Q
  1. A presumptive diagnosis of rabbit colibacillosis can be made by demonstration of __________ in intestinal epithelium.
A

bacterial attachment and effacement of intestinal epithelium

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23
Q
  1. True or False: Rabbits are an important reservoir of Tuberculosis.
A

True

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24
Q
  1. Which group of rabbit is most susceptible to Listeriosis?
A

pregnant females

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25
Q
  1. Which animal is the primary source of human exposure for Tularemia?
A

rabbits

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26
Q
  1. The susceptibility of rabbits to staphylococci has made the rabbit an experimental model for which type of infections?
A

orthopedic & ophthalmic infections

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27
Q
  1. _________ is the causative agent of Necrobacillosis or Schmorl’s disease in rabbits.
A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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28
Q
  1. Which disease in rabbits is characterized by inflammatory lesions of the genitalia?
A

Treponema paraluiscuniculi

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29
Q
  1. _______ is the drug of choice for treatment of treponematosis in rabbits.
A

Penicillin

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30
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of Pasteurella multocida
A

Gram-negative nonmotile coccobacillus. Historically of serogroup A

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31
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of Clostridium piliforme
A

Gram-negative, spore-forming, motile, obligate intracellular rod shaped bacterium

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32
Q
  1. Clinical signs of Tyzzer’s disease
A

profuse watery to mucoid diarrhea

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33
Q
  1. Tyzzer’s disease is most commonly seen in what age rabbits?
A

3-8 weeks

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34
Q
  1. Ernst Tyzzer first described Clostridium piliforme in what animal?
A

Japanese waltzing mouse

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35
Q

What is the mortality rate of rabbits clinically affected by C. piliforme?

A

90-95%

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36
Q

Common pathological lesions of Tyzzer’s disease

A

Intestinal - mucosal necrosis, serosal edema of distal ileum, cecum, proximal colon Liver - white spots of focal necrosis Heart - white streaks

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37
Q

Diagnosis of C. piliforme

A

cannot be cultured in artificial media serology, IFA, PCR histological confirmation of organism at periphery of necrotic foci

38
Q

Differential diagnoses for diarrhea in rabbits

A

C. piliforme, enterotoxemia, E. coli, Eimeria stiedae coronavirus, rotavirus

39
Q

Differential diagnoses for white spots on the liver in rabbits

A

C. piliforme, Eimeria stiedae

40
Q

Agents that cause enterotoxemia

A

Clostridium spiroforme (iota toxin) C. difficile (Toxin A, Toxin B, binary toxin) C. perfringens type E (uncommon); iota toxin

41
Q

Characteristics of C. spiroforme

A

Gram-positive, spore-forming, helically coiled, semicircular, anaerobic bacteria

42
Q

Clinical signs of C. spiroforme enterotoxemia

A

diarrhea, fecal soiling, cyanosis, peracute death

43
Q

Epizoology of C. spiriforme infecction

A

acquired from envrronment, weanlings predisposed antibiotic dysbiosis

44
Q

Pathogenesis of C. spiroforme infection

A

iota toxin binds to host cell receptor

45
Q

Pathologic lesions associated with C. spiroforme infection

A

primarily in cecum - enlarged with gas, serosal hemorrhage, liquid, sometimes bloody contents mucosal necrosis with PMN infiltrates and edema in the lamina propria

46
Q

Diagnosis of C. spiroforme

A

clostridial culture, iota toxin via assay, PCR

47
Q

Treatment of enterotoxemia

A

serum neutralization of iota toxin (C. spiroforme, C. perfringens) transfaunation antibiotics diet change

48
Q

Characteristics of Clostridium difficile

A

Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacillus

49
Q

Clinical signs of C. difficile enterotoxemia

A

anorexia, depression, diarrhea, fecal-staining of the perineum, decreased fecal output, abdominal distention, and death

50
Q

Epizoology of C. difficilie

A

nonclinical carrier animals antibiotic dysbiosis weanlings most susceptible newborn rabbits REISSTANT - no toxin receptors

51
Q

pathogenesis of C. difficile

A

Toxin A - enterotoxin Toxin B - cytotoxin disrupt Rho-subtype intracellular signaling molecules that disrupts actin cytoskeleton Binary toxin produced in some strains - actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase

52
Q

Pathology of C. difficile

A

fluid filled cecum and colon severe jejunal mucosal hemorrhage, necrosis, submucosal edema

53
Q

diagnosis of C. difficile

A

Tissue culture cytotoxin assay for Toxin B - Gold Standard PCR

54
Q

Differential diagnosis for peracute death in rabbits

A

Clostridium spp, enterohemmorhagic E. coli (EHEC)

55
Q

Treatment of C. difficile

A

transfaunation, cholestyriamine for prevention

56
Q

What are the pathotypes associated with E. coli

A
  1. enteropathogenic (EPEC) 2. Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), aka, enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) or verocytotoxin-producing (VTEC) 3. enterotoxigenic (ETEC) 4. enteroaggressive (EAEC) 5. enteroinvasive (EIEC) 6. diffusely adherent (DIEC)
57
Q

what are the clinical syndromes associated with E. coli

A

enteric/diarrheal urinary tract sepsis/meningitis

58
Q

Which E. coli pathotypes are associated with natural disease in rabbits?

A

EPEC STEC

59
Q

Pathogenesis of E. coli infection in rabbitsq

A

EPEC - eae gene encodes for inimin, which induces attaching and effacing lesions in the intestine

60
Q

Clinical signs of E. coli

A

bloody diarrhea and sudden death (EHEC O153)

61
Q

Epizoology of E. coli

A

fecal-oral transmission coinfection of EHEC and EPEC

62
Q

Pathology of E. coli

A

paintbrush hemorrhages of cecal serosa peticia/echymotic hemmorahage attaching and effacing lesions with pedestal formation nephropathy (EHEC)

63
Q

Diagnosis of E. coli

A

culture on blood agar, MacConkey agar, selective media after broth enrichment PCR

64
Q

Causative agent of rabbit syphilis

A

Treopnema paraluiscuniculi

65
Q

Characteristics of Treponema paraluiscuniculi

A

spirochete, non-cultivable

66
Q

Causative agent of human syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

67
Q

Causative agent of clinical syphilis in hares

A

Treponema paraluisleporis T. paraluiscuniculi causes seroconversion but no clinical disease

68
Q

Pathology of rabbit syphilis

A

macules, papules, erosions, uclers, crusts

69
Q

Clinical signs of rabbit syphilis

A

lesions on anal region, nose, eyelids, lips, ear, face, prepuce

70
Q

Epizoology of rabbit syphilis

A

horizontal transmission in adult rabbits more common in adults than young tprK gene thought to code for virulence factors

71
Q

Diagnosis of rabbit syphilis

A

serology microhemaggluination test PCR

72
Q

Differential diagnoses for skin lesions on the lips, anus, eyelids

A

rabbit syphilis trauma mycotic infections acariasis

73
Q

Treatment of rabbit syphilis

A

self limiting

74
Q

Causative agent of proliferative enteropathy

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

75
Q

Characteristics of Lawsonia intracellularis

A

Gram-negative, curved to spiral shaped, obligate intracellular bacterium

76
Q

Clinical signs of proliferative enteropathy

A

watery, pasty, seimifluid diarrhea in young rabbits depression, anorexia

77
Q

Epizootiology of proliferative enteropathy

A

isolated cases usually rabbits can serve as reservoir host

78
Q

Pathogenesis of Lawsonia intracellularis

A

IFN-gamma limits intracellular infection and increased cellular proliferation Lawsonia surface antigen (LsaA) - attachment and entry into intestinal epithelial cells

79
Q

Pathology of Lawsonia intracellularis

A

distension and diffuse mucosal thickening of jejunum and proximal ileum enlarged cranial mesenteric lymph nodes observation of bacilli using Toluidine blue in apical cytoplasm of mucosal epithelial cells proliferative lesions in the cecum, SR, small intestine

80
Q

Diagnosis of Lawsonia intracellularis

A

isolation of 16S rRNA PCR

81
Q

Differential diagnosis for proliferative enteropathy

A

Lawsonia (on warthin-Starry stain) mycobacterium avium (on acid fast staining)

82
Q

Differential diagnoses for this presentation include all but which of the following

a. Listeria monocytogenes
b. Clostridium spirofome
c. Encephalitozoon cuniculi
d. Eimeria stiedae

A

b. Clostridium spirofome

C. piliforme should be included as ddx however

83
Q

Intestinal necrosis associated with what cause?

a. coliform bacteria
b. clostridial bacteria
c. rotavirus
d. mucoid enteropathy

A

b. clostridial bacteria

84
Q

Intestinal lesion assoicated with what cause?

a. coliform bacteria
b. clostridial bacteria
c. rotavirus
d. lawsonia

A

a. coliform bacteria (E. coli causes villous atrophy)

Closridia causes necrosis

Rotavirous causes vacuolation of villous tips

Lawsonia causes proloferative enteropathy

85
Q

Idenifty the organism:

a. Fusobacterium necrophorum
b. Treponema cuniculi
c. Encephalitozoon cuniculi
d. Lawsonia spp.

A

a. Fusobacterium necrophorum

86
Q

What disease is associated with this histopathology of the intestines?

a. Proliferative enteropathy
b. Enterotoxemia
c. Myxyomatosis
d. Mucoid enteropathy

A

d. Mucoid enteropathy

87
Q

What organism is associated with this lesion (left is normal intestine, right is abnormal)?

a. Clostridia spp.
b. E. coli
c. Rotavirus
d. Lawsonia spp.

A

d. Lawsonia spp. - proliferative enteritis

88
Q

Causative agent?

A

Pasteurella multocida

89
Q

Associated organism

A

Treponema paraluiscuniculi

90
Q

Treatment for this condition

A

self limiting

91
Q

Causative agent of this condition

A

Pyocyanins produced by Pseudomonas arugenosa

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