BB CH 9 KD Flashcards
- True or False. Animals classified in the genus Lepus are the only true hares.
True
__________ _________ is the only domesticated rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculas
- True or False. The Belgian Hare is derived from the genus Lepus.
False; the Belgian Hare is derived from Oryctolagus cuniculas
- What are the two families in the order Lagomorpha?
Ochotonidae (pikas) and Leporidae (rabbits and hares)
- What genus does the cottontail rabbit belong to?
Sylvilagus
- What is the most common use of the rabbit in research?
Production of polyclonal antibodies
- Why is the rabbit preferred for polyclonal antibody production?
Large body size and blood volume; easy access to vascular system; large amount of information available on purification of immunoglobulins
- True or False. Rabbit models of human disease include hydrocephalus induced by hypovitaminosis A, hypervitaminosis A, acute respiratory syndrome induced by phorbol myristate acetate, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes mellitus.
True
- What are the six rabbit cancer models listed by the AFIP?
VX-2 tumor spontaneous endometrial adenocarcinoma, monoclonal gammopathies, nephroblastoma lymphoblastic leukemia, malignant fibroma
- The VX-2 carcinoma results from the malignant transformation of the viral induced _______ _________.
Shope papilloma
- What is the most common neoplasm in aged rabbits?
Enometrial adenocarcinoma
- What chemical is used to induce nephroblastomas in pregnant does
Ethylnitrosurea
13. The rabbit has been used to study infectious diseases, including: A. Campylobacter enteritis B. Chagas disease C. cryptococcal meningitis D. Herpes simplex encephalitis E. staphylococcal blepharitis F. all of the above
F; all of the above
- What is WHHL?
Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemia
- What deficiency is seen in the WHHL rabbit?
Low density lipoprotein receptors in the liver
- The St. Thomas Hospital strain has a _______ (normal, abnormal) functioning _____ (LDL, HDL) receptor but still maintains a hypercholesterolemic state.
normal; LDL
- What is the dental formal in the rabbit?
i2/1, c0/0, pm3/2, m2-3/2 X2= 26-28 teeth
- What are the peg teeth? Where are the peg teeth located? What is the function of the peg teeth
Peg teeth are a small pair of incisors directly caudal to the primary maxillary inciosrs; the peg teeth are used to bite and shear food.
- True or False. Molars do not have roots and are characterized by deep enamel folds.
True
- What are the salivary glands in the rabbits? Which salivary glands are paired? Which gland is the largest?
Parotid, submaxillary, sublingual, and zygomatic; all are paired; parotid is largest
- Which salivary gland does not have a counterpart in humans?
zygomatic
- True or False. The esophagus of the rabbit has separate portions of striated and smooth muscle along its length.
False; the esophagus of the rabbit has 3 layers of striated muscle that extend the length of the esophagus down to the and including the cardia of the stomach.
- What are the parts of the rabbit’s stomach?
cardia, fundus, pylorus
Does the rabbit have a gall bladder? Name two animals that do not have a gall bladder.
Yes. Rabbits have a Gall Bladder. Horses and Rats do not have gall bladders.
- How do kits receive most of their passive immunity?
VIa the yolk sac prior to birth (not the colostrum)
- What is the sacculus rotundus?
lymphoid tissues at ileo-cecal junction
- What are cecotrophs?
Fecal pellets that contain nitrogen (niacin, riboflavin, pantothenate, and cyanocobalamin. Rabbits consume them directly from the anus.
- True or False. The musculature of the thoracic wall contributes directly to the respiratory effort in the rabbit.
False; the activity of the diaphragm contributes directly to the respiratory effort of in the rabbit.
- How is artificial respiration in the rabbit performed? Why is this method important? What method of artificial respiration should not be used?
Alternating the head of the rabbit in the up and down position 30-34 times per minute; this method best simulates the rabbit’s natural respirations. Chest compression is ineffective. musculature of the thoracic wall contributes little to the rabbit’s respiratory efforts.
- What features of the rabbit makes endotracheal intubation difficult to perform?
Long and narrow pharynx; large tongue; laryngospasms
- The rabbit lungs consist of _____ lobes. What is the lobe pattern
6 lobes; R and L have cranial, middle, caudal lobes with the caudal lobe divided into lateral and medial portions.
- Characterize the tricuspid valve in the rabbit heart
tricuspid valve has only two cusps
- The aortic nerve responds only to __________ (chemoreceptors, baroreceptors).
baroreceptors
- The blood supply to the brain is mainly via the ______ _________ _______.
internal carotid artery
- The kidney of the rabbit is:
A. Unipapillate
B. multipapillate
C. Neither A nor B
Unipapillate
- In the kidney, the medullary tissue may be perfused while the cortex is ischemic. Why does this happen?
blood vessels that perfuse the medulla remain open during many conditions
- Can creatinine clearance be used to measure the glomerular filtration rate? Why or why not?
Yes; rate of creatinine clearance is equal to that of inulin clearance.
- True or False. Albuminuria can be found in young healthy rabbits.
True
- In normal rabbits, the urine:
A. Is normally yellow, but can take on reddish to brown hues.
B. Usually has few cells, bacteria or casts.
C. Has a pH at about 8.2
D. Is typically cloudy in adults due to relatively high concentrations of ammonium magnesium phosphate and calcium monohydrate precipitates.
E. All of the above.
E, all of the above
- Differentiate between the urethral orifices in the buck and the doe
Bucks: rounded orifice
Does: slitlike orifice
- Why is it necessary to close the superficial inguinal ring when performing an orchiectomy by open technique?
To prevent herniation.
- True or False. The two uterine horns are connected to the vagina by separate cervices (bicornuate uterus).
True (bicornuate uterus)
- What type of placenta is found in the pregnant rabbit?
Hemochorial
- Including the ____ the rabbit has a relatively _______ (low, high) metabolic rate.
ears, the rabbit has a low metabolic rate
- What is the result of fasting a neonatal rabbit?
Hypoglycemia and ketosis
46. The normal temperature of an adult New Zealand white rabbit at rest is: A. 37.5-39.0° C B. 38.5-39.5° C C. 38.0-39.5° C D. 37.5-38.5° C E. 38.5-39.0° C
b. 38.5-39.5
- Explain the importance of the ears in thermoregulation.
Ears have large surface area with an extensive arteriovenous anastomosis system. This helps the rabbit snese and respond to cold and warm temperatures. They also can adjust body temp through a countercurrent heat exchange system.
- Rabbits deprived of water will ______ (increase, decrease) their food consumption
decrease
- ________is normal and accounts for the variation in reported values for RBC diameter
anisocytosis
50. The life span of the rabbit RBC averages \_\_\_\_\_\_\_days but some could survive up to \_\_\_\_ days. A. 57, 67 B. 75, 87 C. 50, 60 D. 55, 66 E. 67, 75
57, 67
- The neutrophil in the rabbit is also known as the pseudoeosinophil or the ______. Why?
Heterophil; red-staining granules in the cytoplasm; But, heterophils are smaller than eosinophils.
- What is Pelger-Huet anomaly
Heterophil nucleus is hyposegmented due to incomplete differentiation of the granulocytes.
53. Collection of blood samples in rabbits by what method(s) elevates AST levels due to muscle damage? A. Decapitation B. Cardiac puncture C. Aortic incision D. Restraint that causes exertion E. All of the above
E. all of the above
- How many forms of alkaline phosphatase are found in the rabbit? What are they? How does this differ from most other mammals?
Three. One intestinal form and two forms in the liver and kidney. Most other mammals only have two forms of AP, intestinal and liver/bone/kidney.
- Rabbits are ________ (herbivores, omnivores) with a preferred diet that is _____ (low, high) in fiber and _____ (low, high) in protein and soluble carbohydrate.
Herbivores. Low in Fiber. High in Protein
- True or False. Rabbits prefer feed in meal form over pelleted form.
False; rabbits like pellets.
- What is the average life span of the rabbit?
5-7 years
- What is the result of prolonged feeding of diets high in calcium?
Renal Disease
- What is the result of feeding a diet containing excessive Vitamin D?
Calcification of soft tissues
- What is the result of too much or too little Vitamin A in the diet?
Reproductive dysfunction and congenital hydrocephalus.
- What is the daily water intake in the rabbit?
120 ml/kg body weight
- Laboratory reared rabbits are ______ (diurnal, nocturnal), while wild rabbits are ______ (diurnal, nocturnal).
diurnal, nocturnal
- At what age does puberty occur in the New Zealand white rabbit?
5-7 months of age
- True or False. Ovulation in the doe is induced.
True
- How long is the breeding life of the doe?
1-3 years
66. Ovulation in the doe can be induced with: A. Luteinizing hormone B. Human chorionic gonadotropin C. Gonadotropin releasing hormone D. Copulation E. All of the above
e, all of the above
- When can pregnancy in the doe be confirmed? How?
11 days, radiographically and 14 days by palpation
- What is the length of gestation in the rabbit?
30-33 days
- Pseudopregnancy is common in the rabbit and can follow a variety of stimuli, including:
A. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin
B. Administration gonadotropin releasing hormone
C. Presence of pregnant does nearby
D. Presence of neonates from other does
E. None of the above
e, none of the above; Administration of LH, mating with a sterile male, mounting by does, and presence of bucks nearby
- Parturition is also known ___________.
kindling
- True or False. Breech and anterior presentations are normal in the rabbit.
True
- What is the average number of kits born?
7-9
- What influences litter size?
breed, parity, nutritional status, environmental factors
- True or False. Both does and bucks have 4-5 pairs of nipples
False; bucks have none
- When are kits generally weaned?
5-8 weeks
- According to both the Guide, what is the appropriate cage size for a 2-4 kg rabbit? 1.8 kg? 5.6 kg? 5 kg?
less than 2 Kg = 1.5 ft2
up to 4 Kg = 3 ft2
up to 5.4 Kg = 4 ft2
more than 5.4 Kg >= 5 ft2
- According to the Guide, what is the recommended temperature for the rabbit?
61-72 degrees ___*
- In breeding colonies, females should have ________ (10-12, 12-14, 14-16) hours of light
females should have 14-16 hours of light
What is the most common clinical manifestation of pasteurellosis in rabbits? A. Septicemia B. Rhinitis with or without sinusitis C. Otitis D. Diarrhea
B. Rhinitis w/ or w/o sinusitis
The common name for Pasteurella induced rhinitis is __________________________?
Snuffles
Rabbits with rhinitis also typically develop an associated conjunctivitis. True or False
True
Clinical signs for conjunctivitis include all of the following except: A. Head Tilt B. Mucopurulent ocular discharge C. Conjunctival bleeding D. Swollen eyelids E. Epiphora F. Periocular alopecia
A, head tilt
Pneumonia is a common clinical condition associated with Pasteurella infections. True or False
True
Pasteurella multocida infection can cause:
A. Rhinitis
B. Pneumonia
C. Otitis Media and Interna
D. Subcutaneous and visceral abscesses
E. Septicemia
F. All of the Above
F. All of the above.
Rabbits that develop Pasteurella septicemia generally die without any clinical signs. True or False
True
How is Pasteurella multocida transmitted
direct contact; aerosol/venerally are less common
When do rabbits become infected with Pasteurella multocida?
AT weaning
Pasteurella infection is never a subclinical disease in rabbits. True or False
False
What type of lung distribution is the typical Pasteurella pneumonia?
Cranioventral
Necropsy findings of Pasteurella pneumonia can include all of the following except:
A. Overinflation of the lungs
B. Atelectasis and consolidation
C. Abscess formation
D. Fibropurulent exudate
E. Fibrinopurulent pleuritis and pericarditis
A. over-inflation
Pasteurella organisms colonize the ________________________________________
Nasopharyngeal mucosa