Batteries Flashcards

1
Q

What materials make up the construction of a Lead Acid Battery?

A

-Plates
• positive plates ( PbO² )
• negative plates ( Pb )
-Separators
-Cell elements
-Electrolytes
-Cells
-Battery case

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2
Q

What is a deep cycle battery

A

-Fewer but heavier plates than an automotive battery
- Designed for lower current discharge over a longer time.
- Battery life can be greatly extended if the depth of each discharge cycle is kept above 50%.

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3
Q

Marine Battery

A
  • Has some characteristics of automotive and deep cycle batteries.
  • Not a suitable replacement for deep cycle batteries on an RV
  • Not a suitable replacement for starting batteries in cold climates.
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4
Q

Battery install

A

• Must be securely attached
• Compartments must be vapor tight to the interior and vented to the exterior
• Circuit protection must not be more than 5 feet from the battery and must be within 18.5 inches from where the cable enters the RV.

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5
Q

Battery storage

A

• Store fully charge
• Disconnect any loads.
• Store in a cool, dry area.
• Recharge periodically… at least every 1 to 2 months.

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6
Q

Battery maintenance

A

•Always disconnect the ground cable first and reconnect last?
• Inspect cells for correct electrolyte level.
• Fill to the bottom of the inspection hole with distilled water.
• Never attempt to charge a frozen battery.
• Never charge a battery that has the electrolyte level below the top of the plates

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7
Q

Battery installation

A

• Never mix batteries of different voltage amp hour rating or age
• Batteries connected in parallel, will increase amperage and voltage will not change.
• Batteries connected in series will increase the voltage, and amperage will not change.

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8
Q

Battery principles

A

•EMF ( Voltage ) is produced from an acid acting on 2 different materials.
• In the case of lead acid batteries, the electrolyte is acid-based, and the cell plates are 2 different types of lead materials.
• When discharging, So4 ( sulfate ) moves to both plates from PbSo4 ( lead sulfate ), the O² ( oxygen), and H² ( hydrogen) combine to form H²O ( Water )
• Fully charged battery
- Positive plates: PbO2 ( lead peroxide)
- Negative plates: Pb ( sponge lead )
- Electrolyte: 36% H2SO4 ( sulfuric acid)
64% H²O ( water )
• Cell plates are connected in parallel. Positive plates together and negative plates together.

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9
Q

Automotive battery

A

• Sometimes called the “starting battery” or in the RV industry, the “chassis” battery.
• Has more and thinner plates than a deep cycle battery.
• Design to supply high current over a short period

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10
Q

Battery testing

A

• Voltage should be approximately 2.13 Volts / cell
• 12 volt battery: 6 cells times 2.13 Volts =12.78 Volts
• 12.0 Volts Considered a dead battery
• 6 volt battery: three cells x 2.13 volts = 6.39 volts

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11
Q

Limitations of lithium-ion batteries.

A

• They have a tendency to overheat. And can be damaged at high voltages.
• Most lithium-ion electrolytes are highly flammable, so damaged batteries can experience thermal runaway and combustion.
• Because of the risks associated with lithium-ion batteries, a number of shipping companies refused to perform bulk shipments of batteries by plane.
• Lithium-ion batteries require safety mechanismsk to limit voltage and internal pressures, which can increase weight and limit performance in some cases.
• Lithium-ion batteries are also subject to aging. Meaning that they can lose capacity and frequently fail after a number of years.
• Degradation, cost, and safety make Lithium-ion batteries a poor fit for grid scale energy storage.
• Despite the high energy density of lithium-ion compared to other kinds of batteries.
• They are still around a 100 times less energy dense than gasoline, which contains 12,700 Wh/kg by mass or 8760 Wh/L by volume.

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12
Q

Advantages of lithium-ion batteries.

A

• High energy density.
• Lightweight
• Long lifespans
• Good long term performance
• Temperature tolerant
• Low self discharge
• Fast charge times
• Customizable technology

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13
Q

What is the purpose of an RV battery?

A

To provide power for the various electrical components in an RV when it is not connected to shore power.

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14
Q

What is the difference between a starting battery and a deep cycle battery?

A

Starting batteries are designed to provide a quick burst of energy to start the engine, while deep cycle batteries are designed to provide a steady amount of power over a longer period of time.

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15
Q

What is the typical voltage output of an RV battery?

A

12 volts

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16
Q

What are the three main types of RV batteries?

A

Lead-acid, AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat), and Lithium-ion

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17
Q

What is the advantage of AGM batteries over traditional lead-acid batteries?

A

AGM batteries are maintenance-free, can be mounted in any position, and have a longer lifespan.

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18
Q

What is the advantage of Lithium-ion batteries over lead-acid batteries?

A

Lithium-ion batteries are lighter, have a higher energy density, and can be discharged more deeply without damage.

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19
Q

True or False: It is safe to mix different types of batteries in an RV electrical system.

A

False

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20
Q

What is the recommended way to charge an RV battery?

A

Using a dedicated RV battery charger or a solar panel system.

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21
Q

What is the purpose of a battery isolator in an RV?

A

To prevent the RV’s starter battery from being drained when using the house battery.

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22
Q

What is the typical lifespan of an RV battery?

A

3-5 years

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23
Q

What is the self-discharge rate of a lead-acid battery compared to a lithium-ion battery?

A

Lead-acid batteries have a higher self-discharge rate than lithium-ion batteries.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: AGM stands for ________.

A

Absorbent Glass Mat

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25
Q

Which type of RV battery is best suited for frequent boondocking?

A

Lithium-ion battery

26
Q

What is the main drawback of lead-acid batteries?

A

They are heavy and have a limited cycle life.

27
Q

What is the primary advantage of deep cycle batteries over starting batteries?

A

Deep cycle batteries can be discharged and recharged multiple times without damage.

28
Q

What is the recommended depth of discharge for lead-acid batteries to maximize their lifespan?

A

50%

29
Q

Which type of RV battery is best for cold weather conditions?

A

AGM battery

30
Q

True or False: It is safe to charge an RV battery indoors.

A

True

31
Q

What is the main disadvantage of lithium-ion batteries?

A

They are more expensive upfront.

32
Q

What is the main advantage of lead-acid batteries over lithium-ion batteries?

A

They are more affordable.

33
Q

What is the recommended storage temperature for RV batteries?

A

Between 50-77 degrees Fahrenheit.

34
Q

What is the main reason to avoid overcharging an RV battery?

A

To prevent damage and reduce the battery’s lifespan.

35
Q

What is the main reason to avoid discharging an RV battery below its recommended depth of discharge?

A

To prevent damage and reduce the battery’s lifespan.

36
Q

What is the typical cost difference between lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries?

A

Lithium-ion batteries are typically more expensive than lead-acid batteries.

37
Q

What is the main advantage of lead-acid batteries for RV owners on a budget?

A

They are more affordable upfront.

38
Q

What type of battery is commonly used in RVs for auxiliary power?

A

Lead Acid battery

39
Q

Which type of battery requires regular maintenance to check water levels?

A

Lead Acid battery

40
Q

What does AGM stand for in the context of batteries?

A

Absorbent Glass Mat

41
Q

What type of battery is known for being maintenance-free?

A

AGM battery

42
Q

Which type of battery is known for having a longer lifespan compared to lead acid batteries?

A

Lithium battery

43
Q

What is a key advantage of lithium batteries over lead acid batteries?

A

Lighter weight

44
Q

Which type of battery is more expensive upfront, but has lower overall cost due to longer lifespan?

A

Lithium battery

45
Q

What is a common disadvantage of lead acid batteries compared to lithium batteries?

A

Shorter lifespan

46
Q

Which type of battery is known for better performance in extreme temperatures?

A

Lithium battery

47
Q

What is the typical voltage range for a lithium battery?

A

12.8V - 14.6V

48
Q

What is the typical voltage range for a lead acid battery?

A

12.6V - 12.8V

49
Q

Which type of battery is more suitable for deep cycle applications?

A

AGM battery

50
Q

What is a key advantage of AGM batteries over traditional lead acid batteries?

A

No maintenance required

51
Q

Which type of battery is known for having a higher energy density?

A

Lithium battery

52
Q

What is a key disadvantage of lead acid batteries compared to lithium batteries?

A

Heavier weight

53
Q

What is a common disadvantage of AGM batteries compared to lithium batteries?

A

Higher initial cost

54
Q

Which type of battery is known for having a faster charging capability?

A

Lithium battery

55
Q

What is a key advantage of lead acid batteries over lithium batteries?

A

Lower upfront cost

56
Q

Which type of battery is known for having a higher cycle life?

A

Lithium battery

57
Q

What is a common disadvantage of lithium batteries compared to lead acid batteries?

A

Higher upfront cost

58
Q

Which type of battery is known for having a lower self-discharge rate?

A

Lithium battery

59
Q

What is a key advantage of lead acid batteries over AGM batteries?

A

Lower initial cost

60
Q

Which type of battery is known for being more environmentally friendly?

A

Lithium battery

61
Q

What is a common disadvantage of lithium batteries compared to AGM batteries?

A

Higher initial cost