Bates-Pulmonary Flashcards
Name the important anatomy for the anterior thorax
Manubrium, sternum, xiphoid process, costal cartilage, paired ribs, thoracic vertebrae
Where would you insert a needle for a tension pneumothorax
2nd intercostal space
Where would you insert a chest tube
4th intercostal space
Lower margin of endotracheal tube on chest xray would be found where
T4
What is the last rib attached to the sternum
7th rib
What are the landmarks for thoracentesis
T7-8
What are the Anterior thorax anatomical landmarks
Midsternal line (on the sternum), Midclavicular line (drops down from the middle of the clavicle), Anterior axillary line (distal end of the clavicle drops down)
What are the axillary anatomical landmarks
Anterior axillary line( drops down from the distal end of the clavicle or found at the anterior axillary fold), Midaxillary line (Drops from the apex of the axilla), Posterior axillary line (drops from the posterior axillary fold)
What are the Posterior thorax anatomical landmarks
Vertebral line (overlies the spinous process of the vertebrae), Scapular line (drops from the inferior angle of the scapula)
Describe the components of the Right Lung
Three lobes- Upper, Middle, Lower
Describe the Left Lung
Made up of two lobes upper and lower divided by an oblique fissure
Where are the apices of the lungs located
Extend above the clavicles
Where can you find the base of the lungs
The descend to the 6th rib of the mid clavicular line
Where does the trachea bifurcate into its main-stem bronchi
At the level of the sternal angle anteriorly
What type of pleura covers the surface of the lung
Visceral Pleura
What type of pleura lines the inner rib cage and upper surfaces of the diaphragm
Parietal Pleura
What is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae
Parietal/pleural space
Where is breathing controlled
In the brainstem and mediated by muscles of inspiration
What is the primary muscle of breathing
Diaphragm
What happens when the diaphragm contracts downward
Descends the chest and enlarges the thoracic cavity decreasing thoracic pressure allowing air to be drawn through the tracheobronchial tree into the alveoli expanding the lungs.
Describe the expiratory phase
Passive process occurs when the diaphragm relaxes and rises allowing airflow outward and chest and abdomen to return to resting position
What are the accessory muscles of respiration
Sternomastoids (most important) scalenes, and abdominals assist with expiration
Pain in the myocardium is associated with what
Angina pectoris, myocardial Infarction
Pain in the pericardium is associated with what
pericarditis