Bates-Breast&Axilla

Question 1

The female breast extends from the ____ down to the ____ rib, and from the ___ across to the ____

Answer 1

1. from the clavicle and 2nd rib down to the 6th rib

Question 2

The axillary tail of the breast tissue is called the ___

Answer 2

tail of spence

Question 3

In what two ways can findings in the female breast be described?

Answer 3

Quadrants

Question 4

The uneven texture of breast tissue can be normal, termed ___

Answer 4

physiologic nodularity

Question 5

Lymphatics from most of the breast drain toward ____

Answer 5

the axilla

Question 6

Lymph drains from the central axillary nodes to the _____

Answer 6

infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes

Question 7

Define galactorrhea.

Answer 7

inappropriate discharge of milk-containing fluid.

Question 8

When is galactorrhea considred abnormal?

Answer 8

If it occurs >6mos after childbirth or cessation of breast-feeding

Question 9

The most common palpable masses of the breast in women ages 15-25 is ___

Answer 9

fibroadenoma - fine, round, mobile, non-tender

Question 10

In women between 25-50, ____ are breast masses that may be soft to firm, round, mobile, and may be tender.

Answer 10

Cysts

Question 11

____ are breast masses described as “nodular and ropelike”

Answer 11

Fibrocystic changes

Question 12

___ masses may be irregular, stellate, firm, not clearly delineated

Answer 12

cancerous

Question 13

In women over 50, palpable masses are ___

Answer 13

cancer until proven otherwise

Question 14

Risk of breast cancer ____ with age, and the lifetime risk for women is ___

Answer 14

1. increases

Question 15

Non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer include:

Answer 15

• age, family hx, age at first full-term pregnancy, early menarche, late menopause, breast denisty.

Question 16

Breast-feeding _____ risk of breast cancer.

Answer 16

decreases

Question 17

Breast mammography is controversial in ages ____ but recommended ____

Answer 17

controversial 40-50 yrs

Question 18

How often should clinical breast exam be performed?

Answer 18

Every 3 years in ages 20-40, annually ages 40+

Question 19

Describe risk factors for breast cancer:

Answer 19

• previous breast cancer

Question 20

Flattening of the normally convex breast suggests ___

Answer 20

cancer

Question 21

What is the difference between nipple inversion and nipple retraction?

Answer 21

Inversion - pointing inward but can be corrected when stimulated

Question 22

Upon performing a breast exam, you note tender cords. You should consider what diagnoses?

Answer 22

• mammary duct ectasia

Question 23

What signs in the nipple would suggest underlying cancer?

Answer 23

thickening of the nipple and loss of elasticity

Question 24

Define gynecomastia.

Answer 24

glandular enlargement (abnormal) of breast tissue in men

Question 25

How can you differentiate between fat enlargement and gynecomastia of the male patient?

Answer 25

Gynecomastia involves palpable glandular tissue

Question 26

The term used to describe a sweat gland infection is ___

Answer 26

hidradenitis suppurativa

Question 27

A patient presents with darkly colored, velvety axillary skin. This is called ____ and (is/is not) concerning.

Answer 27

1. acanthosis nigricans

Question 28

Milky discharge unrelated to a prior pregnancy and lactation is called ___

Answer 28

nonpuerperal galactorrhea

Question 29

What are causes of nonpuerperal galactorrhea

Answer 29

hypothyroid, pituitary prolactinoma, dopamine agonists,

Question 30

A patient presents with spontaneous bloody discharge from the right nipple. What should you consider?

Answer 30

Intraductal papilloma, ductal carcinoma in situ, or Paget’s disease of the breast.

Question 31

In the patient with a previous mastectomy, what signs would suggest a recurrence of breast cancer?

Answer 31

masses, nodularity, change in color, inflammation (especially inthe incision line)

Question 32

A 20 year old patient presents with a single, round, frm, and well delineated R breast mass. It seems to be mobile and is not tender. Her nipple and areola appear normal… what do you suspect?

Answer 32

Fibroadenoma

Question 33

____ occur in women ages 30-50, are round, soft, well delineated and mobile masses that may be tender.

Answer 33

Cysts

Question 34

___ occur in women ages 30-90, and may be singular or multiple hard, immobile nodules. They are not easily delineated and may present with nipple retraction.

Answer 34

Cancer

Question 35

d) shape

Answer 35

a) only present in cancer

Question 36

Non-malignant causes of retraction of the nipple are:

Answer 36

fat necrosis, mammary duct ectasia

Question 37

Describe 6 visible signs of breast cancer:

Answer 37

1. retraction signs

Question 38

In ____, starts as a scaly eczema like lesion that may weekp, crust, or errode. It continues to dermatitis of the areola and erosion of the nipple.

Answer 38

Paget’s disease of the nipple

Question 39

A patient presents with inflammation, with small dimples and an “orange” appearance to the R breast. This is called ___ and suggests ___

Answer 39

1. Peau d’Orange

Question 40

Another term for the suspensory ligaments of the breast is ____

Answer 40

Cooper’s Ligaments