Bates-Breast&Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

The female breast extends from the ____ down to the ____ rib, and from the ___ across to the ____

A
  1. from the clavicle and 2nd rib down to the 6th rib
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2
Q

The axillary tail of the breast tissue is called the ___

A

tail of spence

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3
Q

In what two ways can findings in the female breast be described?

A

Quadrants

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4
Q

The uneven texture of breast tissue can be normal, termed ___

A

physiologic nodularity

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5
Q

Lymphatics from most of the breast drain toward ____

A

the axilla

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6
Q

Lymph drains from the central axillary nodes to the _____

A

infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes

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7
Q

Define galactorrhea.

A

inappropriate discharge of milk-containing fluid.

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8
Q

When is galactorrhea considred abnormal?

A

If it occurs >6mos after childbirth or cessation of breast-feeding

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9
Q

The most common palpable masses of the breast in women ages 15-25 is ___

A

fibroadenoma - fine, round, mobile, non-tender

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10
Q

In women between 25-50, ____ are breast masses that may be soft to firm, round, mobile, and may be tender.

A

Cysts

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11
Q

____ are breast masses described as “nodular and ropelike”

A

Fibrocystic changes

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12
Q

___ masses may be irregular, stellate, firm, not clearly delineated

A

cancerous

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13
Q

In women over 50, palpable masses are ___

A

cancer until proven otherwise

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14
Q

Risk of breast cancer ____ with age, and the lifetime risk for women is ___

A
  1. increases
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15
Q

Non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer include:

A
  • age, family hx, age at first full-term pregnancy, early menarche, late menopause, breast denisty.
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16
Q

Breast-feeding _____ risk of breast cancer.

A

decreases

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17
Q

Breast mammography is controversial in ages ____ but recommended ____

A

controversial 40-50 yrs

18
Q

How often should clinical breast exam be performed?

A

Every 3 years in ages 20-40, annually ages 40+

19
Q

Describe risk factors for breast cancer:

A
  • previous breast cancer
20
Q

Flattening of the normally convex breast suggests ___

21
Q

What is the difference between nipple inversion and nipple retraction?

A

Inversion - pointing inward but can be corrected when stimulated

22
Q

Upon performing a breast exam, you note tender cords. You should consider what diagnoses?

A
  • mammary duct ectasia
23
Q

What signs in the nipple would suggest underlying cancer?

A

thickening of the nipple and loss of elasticity

24
Q

Define gynecomastia.

A

glandular enlargement (abnormal) of breast tissue in men

25
How can you differentiate between fat enlargement and gynecomastia of the male patient?
Gynecomastia involves palpable glandular tissue
26
The term used to describe a sweat gland infection is ___
hidradenitis suppurativa
27
A patient presents with darkly colored, velvety axillary skin. This is called ____ and (is/is not) concerning.
1. acanthosis nigricans
28
Milky discharge unrelated to a prior pregnancy and lactation is called ___
nonpuerperal galactorrhea
29
What are causes of nonpuerperal galactorrhea
hypothyroid, pituitary prolactinoma, dopamine agonists,
30
A patient presents with spontaneous bloody discharge from the right nipple. What should you consider?
Intraductal papilloma, ductal carcinoma in situ, or Paget's disease of the breast.
31
In the patient with a previous mastectomy, what signs would suggest a recurrence of breast cancer?
masses, nodularity, change in color, inflammation (especially inthe incision line)
32
A 20 year old patient presents with a single, round, frm, and well delineated R breast mass. It seems to be mobile and is not tender. Her nipple and areola appear normal... what do you suspect?
Fibroadenoma
33
____ occur in women ages 30-50, are round, soft, well delineated and mobile masses that may be tender.
Cysts
34
___ occur in women ages 30-90, and may be singular or multiple hard, immobile nodules. They are not easily delineated and may present with nipple retraction.
Cancer
35
d) shape
a) only present in cancer
36
Non-malignant causes of retraction of the nipple are:
fat necrosis, mammary duct ectasia
37
Describe 6 visible signs of breast cancer:
1. retraction signs
38
In ____, starts as a scaly eczema like lesion that may weekp, crust, or errode. It continues to dermatitis of the areola and erosion of the nipple.
Paget's disease of the nipple
39
A patient presents with inflammation, with small dimples and an "orange" appearance to the R breast. This is called ___ and suggests ___
1. Peau d'Orange
40
Another term for the suspensory ligaments of the breast is ____
Cooper's Ligaments