Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Diagnosis > Bates-FemaleGenitalia > Flashcards

Bates-FemaleGenitalia Flashcards

1
Q

The _ is a hair-covered fat pad overlying the symphysis pubis.

A

Mons pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the introitus?

A

The external vaginal opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are the Skene’s glands?

A

-aka Paraurethral glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the openings to the Bartholin’s glands?

A
  • posterior on either side of the vaginal opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The two parts of the uterus are the ___ and the ___ and join at the ___

A
  1. corpus (body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

__ is the age of first menses

A

menarche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

___ is the absence of menses for 12 months

A

Menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Postmenopausal bleeding occurs ____ or more months after cessation of menses.

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

___ is the absence of menses.

A

Amenorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is dysmenorrhea?

A

pain with menses, often with bearing down, aching, or cramping sensation in lower abd or pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is PMS

A
  • premenstrual syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

___ can be imporant in signaling a possible pregnancy or menstrual irregularities.

A

Dates of previous periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes primary dysmenorrhea?

A
  • increased prostaglandin production during luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, when estrogen and progesterone levels decline.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes secondary dysmenorrhea?

A

endometriosis, adenomyosis (endometriosis in muscular layers of uterus), pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometrial polyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary amenorrhea?

A
  • primary: failure of periods to initiate at all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pregnancy, lactation, menopause, anorexia, malnutrition, etc can all cause ___

A

secondary amenorrhea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the pattenrs encomapssd by the term “abnormal uterine bleeding”

A
  1. polymenorrhea - <21day intervals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does postcoital bleeding suggest?

A

cervical polyps or cancer,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Menopause usually occurs between what ages?

A

48-55 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Concerns regarding estrogen replacement for perimenopausal women includes:

A
  1. relieves symptoms of menopause,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does this mean?

A

G3= 4 total pregnancies (including current)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the most common vulvovaginal symptoms?

A

vaginal discharge and local itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is dyspareunia?

A

Pain during sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Superficial dyspareunia suggests?

A
  • inflammation, atrophic vaginitis, or inadequate lubrication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Deeper dyspareunia suggests?

A
  • Pelvic disorders, pressure on a normal ovary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is vaginismus?

A

Involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding vaginal orifice that makes penetration painful (may be physical or psychological)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the “most important risk factor for cervical cancer”?

A

infection with high-risk strains of HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the most common STD in the US?

A

Genital infection with HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When should females receive their first screening for cervical cancer?

A
  • approx 3 years after first sex, or by 21 years whichever comes first
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How often should women be screened for cervical ca?

A
  1. up to age 30: annually with regular test or q2 years with liquid-based cytology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the levels of scoring for the bethesda scale?

A
  • Neg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the Bethesda system measure?

A

Categorizes abnormal pap spmears into groups according to severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Prior to the pelvic exam, a patient should:

A
  • avoid sex, douching, or vaginal suppositories for 24-48 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are causes of delayed puberty?

A
  • familial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Excoriations or itchy, small red maculopapules suggest ___

A

Pediculosis pubis (lice or “crabs”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Yellowish discharge on the endocervical swab during a pelvic suggests ___

A

Mucupurulent cervicitis (chlamydia trachomatis, gonorrhoeae, or herpes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Raised, friable, lobed lesions occur in ___

A

condylomata or cervical cancer

38
Q

Pain on movement of the cervix along wiht adnexal tenderness suggest ___

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

39
Q

Uterine enlargement suggests ____

A

pregnancy, uterine myoma (fibroid), or malignancy

40
Q

Weakness of the pelvic muscles may be associated wiht ____

A

urinary stress incontinence

41
Q

The most common hernia in the female groin is a ___ followed by the next most frequent, a ___ hernia

A
  1. indirect inguinal hernia
42
Q

A pt presents with a small, firm, round cystic nodule in the labia. It may be yellowish in color and has a dark punctum in the center.

A
  1. epidermoid cyst
43
Q

A pt presents with warty lesions on the labia and within the vestibule.

A

Condyloma acuminatum

44
Q

A firm, painless ulcer suggests __

A

primary syphilis

45
Q

Slightly raised, round or oval, flat-topped papules covered by gray exudate suggest ____

A

Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)

46
Q

Pt presents with shallow, small, painful ulcers on red bases.

A

Herpes

47
Q

A 70 year-old female presents with an ulcerated or red-raised vulvar lesion. This suggests.

A

Vulvar carcinoma

48
Q

What is a cystocele?

A

a bulge of upper two thirds of anterior vaginal wall and bladder above it resulting from weakneed supporting tissues

49
Q

A ___ is a bulging of the entire anterior vaginal wall, bladder, and urethra, is a ____

A
  • cystourethroceleL
50
Q

What is a urethral caruncle?

A

Small, red, benign tumor visible at posterior part of urethral meatus.

51
Q

How can you differentiate between a urethral caruncle and urethral carcinoma?

A
  • palpate the urethra through the vagina for thickening, nodularity, or tenderness, and feel for inguinal lymphadenopathy
52
Q

____ forms a swollen red ring around the urethral meatus.

A

Prolapse of urethral mucosa

53
Q

When does a urethral mucosa prolapse generally occur?

A

Before menarche or after menopause

54
Q

What is the cause of a Bartholin’s gland infection>

A

Trauma, gonococci anaerobes, and chlamydia.

55
Q

A tense, hot, tender abscess posterior to the vaginal opening iwth purulent drainage suggests a ____

A

Acute infection of a Bartholin’s gland

56
Q

How would a chronic infection of the Bartholin’s cyst present>

A
  • non-tender cyst posterior to the vaginal opening that may be large or small
57
Q

What is a rectocele?

A

A herniation fo the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina froma weakness or defect in the endopelvic fascia

58
Q

What two types of epithelia cover the cervix?

A
  1. shiny pink squamous epithelium
59
Q

What is the squamocolumnar junction?

A

Where the type of epithelium changes between the vagina and the cervix

60
Q

Where do most dysplastic changes occur within the cervix?

A

Squamocolumnar junction

61
Q

What are nabothian cysts?

A

translucent nodules on the cervical surface that often develop during adolescence when pink squamous epithelium takes over the columnar epithelium… this is normal and has no pathologic significance

62
Q

Cervical polyps usually arise from ____, and appears as a ___.

A
  1. endocervical canal
63
Q

Describe findings consistent with carcinoma of the cervix.

A
  • begins in area of metaplasia
64
Q

What factors increase risk for cervical cancer?

A
  • early, frequent intercourse
65
Q

Cervical abnormalities in female infants of women who took DES may include:

A
  1. columnar epithelium that covers most or all of the cervix
66
Q

Adnexal masses most commonly result from ___

A

disorers of fallopian tubes or ovaries.

67
Q

A pt presents with a smooth, compressible mass on her R ovary. It is not tender. You should suspect ___

A

Ovarian cysts

68
Q

A pt presents with a solid, nodular mass to her R ovary. You suspect.

A

Ovarian tumor

69
Q

What are the diagnostic parameters of polycystic ovarian syndrome?

A
  • exclusion of several endocrine disorders
70
Q

Symptoms of ovarian cancer include ___

A

pelvic pain, bloating, increased abd. size, urinary tract symptoms

71
Q

A 23 year old female presents with severe abdominal pain, guarding, and tenderness. She has a small, palpable mass to the R adnexa. She appears pale, and nauseous with vomiting. Suspect -

A

Ruptured tubal pregnancy

72
Q

Pelvic inflammatory diseasemost commonly is due to infection of the ___

A

1 fallopian tubes (salpingitis)

73
Q

What is salpingitis?

A

inflammation of the fallopian tubes

74
Q

What is oophoritis?

A

INflammation of the ovaries

75
Q

PID is caused most commonly by:

A
  1. neisseria gonorrhoeae
76
Q

A pt presents with severe abdominal pain, diffusely, with bilateral adnexal masses and spasming of the pelvic muscles. You should suspect __

A

PID

77
Q

If PID is not treated, what can occur?

A

tubo-ovarian abscess or infertility

78
Q

Describe uterine Myomas.

A
  • aka fibroids
79
Q

__ resutls from weakness of supporting structures of hte pelvic floor and is associated with cystocele or rectocele.

A

Prolapse of the uterus

80
Q

Describe the degrees of uterine prolapse:

A
  1. first deg - cervix still well within the vagina
81
Q

What is retroversion of the uterus?

A
  • tilting backward of the entire uterus including body and cervix.
82
Q

A pt presents with a cervix facing forward and uterine body cannot be felt on manual exam. You should suspect ___

A

retroversion of the uterus

83
Q

What is retroflexion of the uterus?

A
  • backward angulation of the body of the uterus in relation to the cervix. Body is often palpable through post fornix or rectum
84
Q

A female presents with a yellowish green (or grey) discharge that appears frothy and foul smelling. She also complains of itching and painful urination. ON exam you find her labias reddened. You suspect ___

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

85
Q

A pt presents with white cheese-like discharge and severe vaginal itching. The discharge has no unique odor. She also complains of painon urination and painful sex. You suspect ___

A

candidal vaginitis

86
Q

A pt presents with white discharge that is foul smelling. The discharge appears minima, however the pt reports a ‘fishy’ smell. You suspect _

A

bacterial vaginosis

87
Q

How do you identify trichomonas in the lab?

A

Look for trichomonads on wet mount.

88
Q

How do you look for candida inthe lab?

A
  • KOH prep for hypae
89
Q

How do you identify bacterial vaginitis in the lab?

A
  • clue cells on saline prep
90
Q

Describe qualities of atrophic vaginitis.

A
  • +/- discharge

Physical Diagnosis (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions