Basis of Immune Response Flashcards
1
Q
What is haematopoiesis (3)
A
- Creating and replenishing blood and bone marrow cells
- Thymus & sleep - immune cells
- Liver & bone marrow - cell production
2
Q
How is plasma created (4)
A
- PHSC > CLP (bone marrow)
- CLP > B cell (blood)
- B cell checked in bone marrow
- B cell > plasma (lymph nodes via effector cells)
3
Q
How are T cells created (4)
A
- PHSC > CLP (bone marrow)
- CLP > T cell (blood)
- T cell checked in thymus
- T cell > activated T cell (lymph nodes via effector cells)
4
Q
How are NK cells created (3)
A
- PHSC > CLP (bone marrow)
- CLP > NK cell (blood)
- NK cell > activated NK cell (lymph nodes via effector cells)
5
Q
How are dendritic cells created (4)
A
- PHSC > CLP (bone marrow)
- CLP > immature dendritic cell (blood)
- immature dendritic cell > mature dendritic cell (tissue)
- mature dendritic cells travels to lymph nodes
6
Q
How are macrophages created (4)
A
- PHSC > CMP (bone marrow)
- CMP > macrophage progenitor (bone marrow)
- macrophage progenitor > neutro/eosino/baso-phils (blood)
- monocyte precursor > macrophages in tissue
7
Q
How are mast cells created (4)
A
- PHSC > CMP (bone marrow)
- CMP > Granulocyte progenitor (bone marrow)
- granulocyte progenitor > unknown precursor of mast cells
- mast cell precursor > mast cells (tissues)
8
Q
How are erythrocytes created (4)
A
- PHSC > CMP (bone marrow)
- CMP > erythrocyte progenitor (bone marrow)
- erythrocyte progenitor > erythrocytes (bone marrow)
- erythrocytes travel to blood
9
Q
How are platelets created (4)
A
- PHSC > CMP (bone marrow)
- CMP > megakaryocyte progenitor (bone marrow)
- megakaryocyte progenitor > megakaryocytes (bone marrow)
- Megakaryocytes > platelets (blood)
10
Q
What are monocytes/macrophages (3)
A
- Monocytes differentiate to become macrophages - professional phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells.
- Macrophages engulf bacteria
- Bacteria binds initiating the release of cytokines and lipid mediators of inflammation
11
Q
what do monocytes/macrophages contain (4)
A
- LPS receptor - recognise gram ve- bacteria
- Scavenger receptors - recognise protein
- Glucan receptors - recognise fungi
- TLR-4 receptors
12
Q
what do cytokines/chemokines do (4)
A
- mediate further inflammatory response
- triggered by macrophages
- cause vasodilation & increases vascular permeability
- Inflammatory cells migrate to tissue, releasing inflammatory mediators causing pain
13
Q
What are the main producers of cytokines/chemokines (3)
A
- macrophages
- keratinocytes
- dendritic cells
14
Q
What do dendritic cells do (5)
A
- antigen uptake in peripheral sites
- Antigen presentation at lymph nodes initiation T cell response
- Express Major Histocompatibility Complex ii
- Professional phagocytes
- follicular dendritic cells contain B cells not APC
15
Q
What do neutrophils do (2)
A
- phagocyte
- first to arrive at the inflammation site
16
Q
What do Eosinophils do (4)
A
- Phagocytes
- granules stain with basic eosin red
- removal of parasites
- asthma pathology
17
Q
What do Basophils do (3)
A
- granules stain with acid dye methylene blue
- contain heparin and histamine
- allergic response
18
Q
What do mast cells do (2)
A
- granules release histamine and other substances
- allergic disease development
19
Q
What do NK T cells do (3)
A
- Share NK and T cell characteristics
- AB receptors but lack diversity
- Suppress innate/adaptive responses
20
Q
What do B lymphocytes do (2)
A
- produce antibodies
- binding = B cell differentiation into plasma cells
21
Q
What do Plasma cells do
A
secrete antibodies when activated
22
Q
What do T helper cells do (2)
A
- express cytokines to coordinate immune response
- Express T receptor and CD4 co-receptor
23
Q
What do cytotoxic T lymphocytes do
A
- Express T cell receptors and CD8 co-receptors
- destroy infected cells directly
