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RADIO I > BASICS OF RADIOLOGY DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

BASICS OF RADIOLOGY DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

basis for contrast

A

Differential attenuation

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2
Q

any decrease in bone density, generally result of either qualitative or quantitative deficiencies of bone (osteopenia ≠
osteoporosis: osteopenia is the finding from the radiograph while osteoporosis is a condition/disease)

A

Osteopenia

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3
Q

qualitative loss of bone mass, radiographs cannot detect small changes

A

Osteoporosis

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4
Q

vitamin D deficiency

A

Osteomalacia

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5
Q

absorbed bone (seen in renal failure)

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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6
Q

no endocrine deficit but neoplasm leading to systemic osteopenic changes

A

Neoplastic disease

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7
Q

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)

Disuse osteoporosis (ex. wearing cast for extended period of time)

A

Regional

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8
Q

highly localized (ex. osteomyelitis)

A

Focal

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9
Q

occurs systemically

A

Band-like (ex. acute lymphoblastic leukemia)

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10
Q

any true increase (esp. within medullary canal) in bone density without alteration in configuration

A

*Osteosclerosis

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11
Q

applied to processes which increase bone width & density

A

*Hyperosteosis

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12
Q

brightening of the bone not caused by pathology

A

Pseudosclerosis

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13
Q

Endocrine

Neoplastic- metastases of bone (prostate, breast, etc.)

Drugs- Vitamin D, fluoride

Congenital sclerosing bone dysplasias- usually assoc. with skeletal malformations

Myeloproliferative disorders

Infection, infarction, arthropathy
- ex. “the bends”

A

Generalized sclerosis

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14
Q

diminishing trabecular pattern

A

Calcaneal sclerosis

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15
Q

banding of sclerosis along normal trabecular patterns which have become thickened (but bone isn’t usually strengthened - avulsion fracture
typical)

A

Paget’s disease

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16
Q

trabecular variations appear on radiograph

A

Texture

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17
Q

osteolytic processes

A

Destruction

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18
Q

solitary cortical lysis, large >1cm

A

*Geographic

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19
Q

multiple smaller 2-5mm, can be seen from a distance

A

*Motheaten

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20
Q

numerous, very small holes <1mm

A

*Permeative

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21
Q

tumor extends into marrow space between trabeculae in advance of osteolytic edge

A

Local infiltrative process

22
Q

giant cell tumor (GCT), chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF), active enchondroma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma

A

Typical 1C lesions

23
Q

bone short and wide (short and stubby), bones take on conical shape

A

*Undertubulation

24
Q

long and over-constricted

(ex. Marfan’s syndrome - long slender bones

A

*Overtubulation

25
Q

epiphysis, metaphysis, or diaphysis

Common causes: thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, Gaucher’s, Neimann-Pick disease, epiphyseal-metaphyseal
fracture/injury, Rickett’s (including renal osteodystrophy, biliary rickets, dilantin tx)

A

Splaying (flaring)

26
Q

ends of bone flare out, concavity to convexity

A

*Erlenmeyer flask deformity

27
Q

Soft tissue swelling and bony proliferative (periosteal) changes

A

Clubbing of distal phalanges

28
Q

over-proliferating distal phalangeal tuft with soft

tissue thickening

A

*Acromegaly “Tuft sign”

29
Q

abnormal short fingers and/or toes

A

Brachydactyly

30
Q

abnormally large fingers and/or toes

A

Macrodactyly (macrodactylia)

31
Q

overgrowth of a part

A

Macrodystrophia

32
Q

often a key clue to benign or malignant processes (abnormal in adults)

A

Periosteal Reactions

33
Q

periosteal reaction has no skips, breaks, etc.

A

Continuous

34
Q

periosteal reaction eroded (assoc. with buttresses - benign)

A

Interrupted

35
Q

variations in patterns, “other

A

Complex

36
Q

single continuous layer with underlying cortex grossly intact

  • homogenous new bone formation
  • thicker 1 mm
  • general sign of benign process
A

single layer and solid

37
Q

divergent spiculated delicate rays of periosteal new bone

  • rays emitting from common center
  • highly suggestive but not pathognomonic of osseous sarcoma
  • seen with osteoporosis plastic met, osteoblastoma, and hemangioma
A

sunburst

38
Q

onion skin

  • concentric planes of ossification beyond cortex
  • reflects cyclical variations of tumor growth
  • Lucent zones
  • not always neoplastic
A

lamellate multi-layered

39
Q

hair on end

  • parallel rays of periosteal new bone projecting perpendicular to cortex
  • calcification along sharpey’s fibers
  • nonspecific, generally not seen with benign lesions indicating malignancy
A

spiculated

40
Q

any interruption of periosteal reaction, except buttress

  • very aggressive tumor
  • upstaging sign
A

codman’s angle/triangle

41
Q

non-aggressive lesion, seen with solid periosteal reactions

A

periosteal buttress````````

42
Q

generally intermediate growth rate

smooth, lobulated, trabeculated

neoplastic

osteoctasia

A

ballooned lesions

43
Q

processes occurring in and around the cortex

A

juxta-cortical processes

44
Q

bony or cartilaginous outgrowths

A

exostotic

45
Q

joint margin, hallmark of osteoarthritis

A

osteophyte

46
Q

tendon/ligament used as insertion onto bone

A

enthesophyte

47
Q

cartilaginous bone tumor, benign lesion

A

osteochondroma

48
Q

bleeding into periosteal structures

A

parosteal myositis ossificans

49
Q

bleeding into subperiosteal space or soft tissues which can ossify

A

ossified subperiosteal hematoma

50
Q

calcium deposits

A

calcinosis

51
Q

abnormal Ca2+ or PO4-

A

metastatic

52
Q

normal Ca2+ or PO4-

A

dystrophic

RADIO I (27 decks)

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