Basic Terminology

Question 1

Define:

Abscess

Answer 1

localization of pus in a walled-off area

Question 2

Define:

Acute infection

Answer 2

infection with sudden onset and usually shorter duration

Question 3

Define:

Bacteremia
- Transient?
- Septicemia (sepsis)?

Answer 3

presence of bacteria in blood

- "just passing through," temporary

 - bacteremia with multiplication of bacteria and host signs/symptoms

Question 4

Define:

Carriers (carrier state)

Answer 4

host harboring a pathogen without manifesting symptoms

Question 5

Define:

Cellulitis

Answer 5

involvement and spreads between layers of subcutaneous tissues

Question 6

Define:

Chronic infection

Answer 6

long standing infection

Question 7

Define:

CDC

Answer 7

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention

Question 8

Define:

Commensal

Answer 8

one benefits but no harm to other

Question 9

Define:

Dissemination

Answer 9

spread of infection to distant sites

Question 10

Define:

Edema

Answer 10

accumulation of fluid in tissues due to increased vascularization

Question 11

Define:

Endemic

Answer 11

disease or organism indigenous to a certain geographic area

Question 12

Define:

Endogenous infection

Answer 12

infection from host’s own flora

Question 13

Define:

Epidemic

Answer 13

disease affecting large number of people in geographical area

Question 14

Define:

Erythema

Answer 14

redness (increased blood flow to area)

Question 15

Define:

Exogenous infection

Answer 15

agent acquired from outside of host’s body

Question 16

Define:

Flora

Answer 16

“usual,” “normal”: indigenous, frequently found in that body site in healthy individuals

Question 17

Define:

Granuloma

Answer 17

chronic inflammation with collection of macrophages, usually forming small nodules

Question 18

Define:

Latrogenic infection

Answer 18

occurs as result of medical procedure (i.e. transplant, urine catherization, etc.)

Question 19

Define:

Invasion

Answer 19

ability to penetrate and grow in tissues

Question 20

Define:

Latent infection

Answer 20

infectious agent is present, but not active

Question 21

Define:

Morbidity

Answer 21

number of cases of a disease

Question 22

Define:

Mortality

Answer 22

number of deaths caused by a disease

Question 23

Define:

Necrosis

Answer 23

cell/tissue death, usually caused by enzymes or restriction of blood flow

Question 24

Define:

Nosomical

Answer 24

hospital acquired

Question 25

Define:

Opportunistic pathogen

Answer 25

cause disease only if host is compromised

Question 26

Define:

Parasite

Answer 26

one organism benefits at expense of another

Question 27

Define:

Pathogen/Virulent

Answer 27

capable of causing disease

Question 28

Define:

Phagocytosis

Answer 28

ingestion by WBC

Question 29

Define:

Symbiotic

Answer 29

both benefit

Question 30

Define:

True Pathogen

Answer 30

cause disease in healthy, immune competent individuals

Question 31

Define:

Virulence

Answer 31

ability to cause disease

Question 32

Define:

Zoonotic

Answer 32

acquired from contact with animals