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IUMICRO > Anaerobic Bacteriology Introduction > Flashcards

Anaerobic Bacteriology Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Objective 1: Define the following terms: anaerobe

A

Anaerobe: a bacterium that is able to replicate without oxygen

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2
Q

Objective 1: Define the following terms: polymicrobial

A

Polymicrobial: refers to multiple isolates of bacteria

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3
Q

Objective 1: Define the following terms: pleomorphic

A

Pleomorphic: an bacterium that displays many gram stain morphologies (shapes and forms)

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4
Q

Objective 2: **Differentiate between the following:
- Obligate aerobe
- Example

A
  • Microorganism that requires oxygen for growth
  • Pseudomonas spp., Micrococcus spp.
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5
Q

Objective 2: **Differentiate between the following:
- Microaerophile
- Example

A
  • Microorganism that grows in conditions of reduced oxygen and increased carbon dioxide
  • Campylobacter spp.
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6
Q

Objective 2: **Differentiate between the following:
- Facultative anaerobe
- Example

A
  • Microorganism that does not require oxygen for growth, but will use oxygen and grow better if present
  • E. coli, S. aureus
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7
Q

Objective 2: **Differentiate between the following:
- Aerotolerant anaerobe
- Example

A
  • Microorganism that grows best in the absence of oxygen, but can tolerate low concentrations of oxygen
  • Propionibacterium, C. tertium, C. carnis, C. histolyticum
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8
Q

**Differentiate between the following:
- Strict obligate anaerobe
- Example

A
  • Microorganism that can only live and reproduce in a anaerobic environment
  • C. novyi, C. haemolyticum
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9
Q

Objective 3: Recognize in which categories most aerobes and anaerobes fit

A
  • Aerobes: Facultative anaerobes
  • Anaerobes: Aerotolerant anaerobes
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10
Q

Objective 4: **Identify the sites where anaerobes are found as normal flora

A
  • Nose
  • Mouth
  • Oropharynx
  • Skin
  • GI
  • GU/Vaginal
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11
Q

Objective 5: Differentiate between endogenous and exogenous infections in relationship to
anaerobes

A

Endogenous: the result of anaerobes that are normal flora of the body
Exogenous: the result of anaerobes that are located outside of the body

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12
Q

Objective 6: **Recognize which source of anaerobes (exogenous or endogenous) is most common
in anaerobic infections

A

Endogenous

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13
Q

Objective 7: Discuss the reason(s) that most anaerobic infections are polymicrobial

A

Lowers the redox potential of the environment creating a suitable environment for anaerobic growth

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14
Q

Objective 8: Recognize the types of infections routinely caused by anaerobes

A
  • Dental infections
  • Intra-abdominal/Pelvic abscess
  • Brain abscess
  • Lung abscess
  • Bacteremia
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15
Q

Objective 9: List factors that predispose a person to anaerobic infection and signs of an anaerobic infection

A
  • Vascular stasis
  • Tooth extraction/oral surgery
  • GI tract surgery/traumatic puncture of bowel
  • Infection close to site containing normal flora
  • Necrotic tissue
  • Foul odor
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16
Q

Objective 10: **Recognize the types of clinical specimens that are acceptable for anaerobic culture
and those not acceptable for culture

A

Acceptable:
- Needle aspirates
- Tissue or bone
- Sterile body fluids (except urine)

Not acceptable:
- Upper respiratory specimens
- Surface wounds
- Stool (except C. diff)

17
Q

Objective 11: Describe why aspirated specimens are preferred over specimens submitted on swabs

A

Swabs collect less material and likely to possess contaminated flora

18
Q

Objective 12: Discuss why the source (site) from which the specimen was collected affects its acceptability

A

Most anaerobic infections are endogenous – must differentiate if the organism is part of the infectious process and not normal flora

19
Q

Objective 15: Discuss the 3 supplemental requirements for anaerobic media and the storage
conditions necessary for maintaining anaerobic media

A
  1. Vitamin K
  2. Hemin
  3. Yeast extract

Stored at room temperature
Pre-reduced (ensures redox potential stays low)

20
Q

Objective 16: **List the factor that has the largest impact on the oxidation-reduction potential of
anaerobic media.

A

pH

21
Q

Objective 17: List 5 reducing agents that can be added to media to maintain an anaerobic environment

A
  1. Enriched thioglycollate (THIO)
  2. Chopped meat
  3. Serum
  4. Cysteine
  5. Rumen Fluid
22
Q

Objective 18: Define the term PRAS

A

Pre-Reduced Anaerobically Sterilized

23
Q

Objective 19: **Discuss the purpose of the various plating media presented in lecture (ABAP, PEA,
KV/PV, LKV, BBE).

A

ABAP (Anaerobic Blood Plate Agar)
- non-selective (anything that will grow in an anaerobic
environment will grow on this plate)

PEA
- selective from a mixed culture
- selective for anaerobes
- inhibits facultative anaerobic GNRs
- inhibits Proteus swarming

KV/PV/LKV (antibiotics w/ laked blood)
- selective for Gram negative anaerobes

BBE (Bacteroides Bile Esculin)
- selective for Bacteroides spp. (bile)
- differential for esculin hydrolysis (media turns black)

24
Q

Objective 20: Describe 3 anaerobic systems used in clinical laboratories

A
  1. Anaerobic chambers
  2. Anaerobic jars
  3. Anaerobic bags and pouches
25
Q

Objective 21: **Differentiate between ambient air, CO2, microaerophilic and anaerobic incubation
conditions (% of O2 and % of CO2)

A

Ambient air: 21 O2, 0.03 CO2
CO2: 15-21 O2, 5-10 CO2
Microaerophilic: 5 O2, 10 CO2
Anaerobic: 0 O2, 5-10 CO2

26
Q

Objective 22: List the 4 requirements of an anaerobe chamber

A
  1. Catalyst
  2. Desiccant
  3. Anaerobic gas (5 H2, 5-10 CO2, 85-90 N2)
  4. Redox indicator
27
Q

Objective 23: Recognize the typical catalyst used in an anaerobe chamber

A

Palladium coated aluminum pellets

28
Q

Objective 24: Identify a desiccant used in anaerobe chambers

A

Silica gel

29
Q

Objective 25: Recognize the typical gas mixture in an anaerobe chamber

A

5 H2, 5-10 CO2, 85-90 N2

30
Q

Objective 26: List 2 oxidation reduction indicators used in anaerobe chambers.

A
  1. Methylene blue
  2. Resazurin
31
Q

Objective 28: List the major advantages and disadvantages of anaerobe chambers, anaerobe jars,
and anaerobe bags/pouches

A

Anaerobe chambers
Advantage:
- Specimens never exposed to oxygen during set up
- Plates can be screened as often as desired
- Large volume cultures
Disadvantage:
- Cumbersome
- Airlock
- Space

Anaerobe jars
Disadvantage:
- Plates must be removed to screen

Anaerobe bags/pouches
Advantage:
- Transport, esp. when delay is expected

32
Q

Objective 30: Recognize the importance of incubating anaerobe plates and biochemicals for 48 hours

A

Anaerobes are susceptible in the first 48 hours of growth – may inhibit growth or kill some organisms

33
Q

Objective 32: Recognize the form of Gas Liquid Chromatography most commonly used (volatile vs.
non-volatile).

A

Volatile

34
Q

Objective 33: Identify 3 tests for proteolysis

A
  1. Gelatin hydrolysis
  2. Milk liquefaction
  3. Meat digestion

IUMICRO (25 decks)

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