Basic principles and structure of atoms Flashcards
What are the components of an atom?
Nucleus (protons and neutrons)
Electron cloud (electrons)
What is matter?
anything that has a mass or volume
What are properties?
characteristics of a substance
What are physical properties?
properties of the substance itself without interaction or change
What are chemical properties?
properties of the substance as it changes into or interacts with another
substance
What is energy? (within science)
the ability to do work
What are molecules?
a group of atoms bonded together
What is a mixture?
when two or more elements or compounds are present without being chemically bonded
What is a compound?
a distinct group of atoms which are chemically bonded
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What are the characteristics of something in solid state?
Holds shape
fixed volume
What are the characteristics of something in liquid state?
shape of container
free surface
fixed volume
What are the characteristics of something in gas state?
shape of container volume of container
What can have big implications for environmental behaviour involving molecules?
Molecules are attracted together with some force of attraction being stronger
How can state of matter be changed?
By adding heat or energy
What is the unit for energy?
Joules
What is the equation for potential energy?
PE= mpg
What do the letters in the Potential energy equation mean?
PE=mpg
m=mass
g= acceleration of gravity
What is the proportionality constant figure for the acceleration of gravity?
9.8 m s-2
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
KE= 1/2MV*2
What does V mean in the kinetic energy formula?
Velocity
What does it mean when we say energy is conserved?
energy cannot be created or destroyed but it may be converted from one form
What type of energy situation is favoured lower of higher? (In atoms)
Lower
What is chemical energy?
energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules
What are the main types of energy?
Chemical
Kinetic
Potential
Heat
Electrical
Light
Nuclear
What parts of an atom have the greatest mass?
protons and neutrons
(electrons are very light)
What does the number of protons determine?
identity of of element/ atom (chemical properties)
What is an element?
pure substance consisting of only one atom
What is the atomic number?
charge in the nucleus= number of protons
What is the mass number made up of?
number of protons + number of neutrons
What is an isotope?
atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons giving the element a different mass but not charge
What is a group and period in a periodic table?
Group= down column
period= across row
What is the letter notation for mass and atomic number?
mass= A
atomic = Z
