Basic Nutrition

Question 1

What is Anabolism?

Answer 1

Building up of complex molecules uses energy (Endergonic)

Question 2

What is Catabolism?

Answer 2

Breakdown of complex molecules releasing energy (Exergonic)

Question 3

What is Metbolism?

Answer 3

Release of energy for repair, growth and function in body

Question 4

Recommended UK Nutrition contains?

Answer 4

50% Carbohydrates
35% Fats (<11% saturated)
15% Proteins

Question 5

ANABOLIC TRANSFER

Answer 5

ATP —> ADP + P+ Energy

Question 6

CATABOLIC ENERGY

Answer 6

ADP +P —> ATP + Heat

Question 7

What is Glycogenesis?

Answer 7

Conversion of Glucose into Glycogen by Insulin

Question 8

What is Glycogenolysis?

Answer 8

Conversion of Glycogen into Glucose by Glucagon

Question 9

What is Gluconeogenesis?

Answer 9

Conversion of Fats/Proteins into Glucose

Question 10

When does Gluconeogensis occur?

Answer 10

When carbohydrate store depleted.
Starvation
Low Carb Diets
Endocrine Disorders
Endurance Exercise

Question 11

……… convert triglycerides, lactic acid and amino acids to Glucose

Answer 11

Hepatocytes

Question 12

• Lipids oxidised to produce?
• stored in?

Answer 12

• ATP
• Adipose Tissue

Question 13

Lipolysis is?

Answer 13

Breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 14

What is Lipogenesis?

Answer 14

Conversion of carbs/proteins/fats into Triglycerides

Question 15

Lipolysis is increased when?

Answer 15

High levels of hormones:
Adrenaline,
Noradrenalin
Cortisol

Question 16

Lipogenesis is increased when?

Answer 16

High levels of Insulin

Question 17

Anabolism is stimulated by?

Answer 17

Insulin like Growth Factors (IGFs)
Thyroid hormones
Insulin
Oestrogen
Testosterone

Question 18

Protein Catabolism stimulated by?

Answer 18

Cortisol
Proteins cannot be stored

Question 19

Proteins converted into?

Answer 19

Glucose
Triglycerides (lipogenesis)
Ketone Bodies (ketogenesis)

Question 20

Issues with Vegetarianism

Answer 20

Low protein iron levels
Lysine deficiency-Infertility

Question 21

Issues with Veganism

Answer 21

Low Vitamin B12
Anaemia- Folate deficiency
- Megaloblastic RBCs

Question 22

-Iron Absorption Inhibitors

• Iron Absorption Enhancers

Answer 22

• Spinach, Rhubarb, Tea, Coffee
• Meat, Fish, Poultry, Vit C

Question 23

Kwashiorkor Undernutrition

Answer 23

Normal Calorie intake
Low Protein & Amino Acids
Leads to Oedema, Liver Damage

Question 24

Marasmus Undernutrition

Answer 24

Low Protein & Low Calories
Muscle Wasting

Question 25

What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Answer 25

Inability to breakdown phenylalanine to release AA (Tyrosine)
Build up in brain > Brain Damage

Question 26

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 26

Haemolytic Disease of Newborn
- Intracranial bleeding
- Injections given at birth
Vit K req. for clotting factors

Question 27

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 27

Scurvy
- Weakness, Fatigue
- Decreased RBC, Gum disease
- Low Protein Synthesis

Question 28

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 28

Rickets
Decreased Sun exposure
Predominant in North Hemis.
Calcium Absorption + Homeostasis

Question 29

Hypervitaminosis is?

Answer 29

Excess fat soluble vitamins
Vit A- Calcified heart valves
- Dizzy, Vision, bone pain

Question 30

Iron deficiency