Basic Nutrition Flashcards
What is Anabolism?
Building up of complex molecules uses energy (Endergonic)
What is Catabolism?
Breakdown of complex molecules releasing energy (Exergonic)
What is Metbolism?
Release of energy for repair, growth and function in body
Recommended UK Nutrition contains?
50% Carbohydrates
35% Fats (<11% saturated)
15% Proteins
ANABOLIC TRANSFER
ATP —> ADP + P+ Energy
CATABOLIC ENERGY
ADP +P —> ATP + Heat
What is Glycogenesis?
Conversion of Glucose into Glycogen by Insulin
What is Glycogenolysis?
Conversion of Glycogen into Glucose by Glucagon
What is Gluconeogenesis?
Conversion of Fats/Proteins into Glucose
When does Gluconeogensis occur?
When carbohydrate store depleted.
Starvation
Low Carb Diets
Endocrine Disorders
Endurance Exercise
……… convert triglycerides, lactic acid and amino acids to Glucose
Hepatocytes
- Lipids oxidised to produce?
- stored in?
- ATP
- Adipose Tissue
Lipolysis is?
Breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
What is Lipogenesis?
Conversion of carbs/proteins/fats into Triglycerides
Lipolysis is increased when?
High levels of hormones:
Adrenaline,
Noradrenalin
Cortisol
Lipogenesis is increased when?
High levels of Insulin
Anabolism is stimulated by?
Insulin like Growth Factors (IGFs)
Thyroid hormones
Insulin
Oestrogen
Testosterone
Protein Catabolism stimulated by?
Cortisol
Proteins cannot be stored
Proteins converted into?
Glucose
Triglycerides (lipogenesis)
Ketone Bodies (ketogenesis)
Issues with Vegetarianism
Low protein iron levels
Lysine deficiency-Infertility
Issues with Veganism
Low Vitamin B12
Anaemia- Folate deficiency
- Megaloblastic RBCs
-Iron Absorption Inhibitors
- Iron Absorption Enhancers
- Spinach, Rhubarb, Tea, Coffee
- Meat, Fish, Poultry, Vit C
Kwashiorkor Undernutrition
Normal Calorie intake
Low Protein & Amino Acids
Leads to Oedema, Liver Damage
Marasmus Undernutrition
Low Protein & Low Calories
Muscle Wasting
