Basic Instruments Flashcards
What must you do crossing a compulsory point
The 5 T’s
- Time
- Turn
- Tune
- Torque
- Talk
Mandatory checks that allow you to descend from enroute altitude for the approach
- Cleared
- On course
- Within annotated distance or time
AGRDUB
Advanced Planning - ATIS/Weather
Garmin - Procedure Load, Select VLOC/GPS, ID
Radios - Set frequencies
Display - Configure PFDs/NDs
Upper Modes - Set as appropiate
Brief - Approach Name, Course Reversal, MDA/DA, Missed Approach Point
Unusual Attitude Recovery
- Attitude
- Trim
- Altitude
- Heading
- Airspeed
HAT
Height Above Touchdown (Straight In Approach)
HAA
Height Above Airport (Circling)
HAL
Height Above Landing (Copter Approach)
HAS
Height Above Surface (Copter for Space Approach)
Lost Commo Procedures (Altitude)
Highest of -
1. Minimum Altitude of IFR Route
2. Last Expected Altitude
3. Last Assigned Altitude
Lost Commo Procedures (Route)
In precedence -
1. Last Assigned
2. Radar Vectored
3. Expected Route
4. As Filed
1-3-6 Rule (1) Can I go?
- Must have weather minimums through ETA + 1 hour based off predominant weather
1-3-6 Rule (3) Do you need an alternate?
- Navaid is unmonitored
- Predominant weather is less than 400-1
- Radar is required for the approach
1-3-6 Rule (6) What is required for an airport to be an alternate?
- Worst weather forecast is equal to or greater than 400-1 planning minimums
- GPS based approach on 1 or the other unless RNAV with WAAS
- Radar is not required for the approach
- Does not state “Alternate NA” in pilot briefing section
- Navaids are monitored
- Surface based controlled airspace is in effect (B,C,D,E)
When is IFR file not acceptable?
- VFR Training
- Time will not permit mission completion
- Mission can only be completed VFR
- Excessive IFR delays
- Single pilot
Helicopter SVFR Minimums
1/2SM and Clear of Clouds
Precision Approach
Standard instrument approach that has a glideslope
When do you start a turn on departure procedure?
400ft AGL Height Above Airport
What are the four times you may not reduce visibility minimums by 50%?
- Flying faster than 90KIAS (Category A)
- Copter Approaches
- Approach Plate says it
- No reduction that makes it less than 1/4 SM visibility
When can an aircraft be flown below MDA/DA?
Runway, approach Lights or landing area in sight and safe position to land
Difference between an ILS and PAR?
ILS - Instruments provide pilot with elevation and azimuth
PAR - ATC Final provides it to the pilot
Final Approach Fix for a non-precision approach?
Maltese Cross
Ground components of an ILS
- Localizer
- Glide Slope Course
- Marker Beacons
- Approach Lights
Area Forecast vs Terminal Forecast
Area is reported in MSL and Terminal is AGL
Blue/Green Airports vs Brown Airports
Brown airports do not have Instrument Approaches or Radar Minimums
MEA
Minimum Enroute Altitude - Guaranteed clearance of 1,000ft in non-mountainous and 2,000 in mountainous
MOCA
Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude with radar reception within 22NM
Contact Approach vs Visual Approach
Contact - At pilots request with 1NM visibility and clear of clouds
Visual - Pilot must have airport or preceding aircraft in sight and proceed VMC
3 Change Over Points
- Halfway Point
- Dogleg
- Change Over Symbol
3 Scanning Errors
- Fixation
- Omission
- Emphasis
3 Fundamentals for Smooth Flight
- Cross-check
- Instrument Interpretation
- Aircraft Control
3 GPS Segments
- Space
- Control
- User
Acceptable deviation of NAV equipment
+/- 4 Degrees on the ground
+/- 6 Degrees in the air
Which instrument displays immediate attitude and power?
Control Instruments
Station passage occurs when:
- To/From Indicator Swaps
- Bearing Pointer is 90°
Pitch Attitude Instruments
Attitude Indicator
Altimeter
Vertical Speed Indicator
Airspeed Indicator
Bank Attitude Instruments
Attitude Indicator
Heading Indicator
Turn and Slip Indicator
Magnetic Compass
Missed Approach Points
Non-Precision
- Flyover Waypoint
- Station Passage
- Time and Distance
ASR Missed Call Approach
Told by ATC
PAR Missed Approach Point
DA or told by ATC
ASR Detects:
- Azimuth
- Range
PAR Detects:
- Azimuth
- Range
- Elevation
When conducting a circling to land maneuver, which minimums should you use?
Circling approach minimum, not landing runway minimums
Total Fuel Calculations
R - Runup
E - ETE for Flight
A - Alternate
R - Reserve
A - Additional Fuel for Practice
MRA
Minimum Reception Altitude - Lowest altitude to receive signals for VORs or TACANs (R)
MCA
Minimum Crossing Altitude - Lowest altitude at certain fixes where an aircraft must cross (X)
MVA
Minimum Vectoring Altitude - Lowest MSL for which an IFR aircraft can be vectored by radar
MSA
Minimum Safe Altitude - Altitude depicted on approach charts that provides at least 1,000ft obstacle clearance within 25NM of NAVAID
Normal Useable Distance
L VORs - 40NM
T VORs - 25NM
Diverse Departure
Cross departure end of RWY at 35ft AGL with minimum climbing gradient of 200FPNM, climb 400ft AGL before turning
Obstacle Departure
Designed to provide obstacle clearance and transition from terminal area to appropiate enroute structure
Standard Instrument Depature
Designed to reduce pilot and controller workload to depart enroute
Communications Box
Discreet Frequency (Jacksonville)
(2,000)
MEA
(*2000)
MOCA
OROCA
