Basic Instruments Flashcards
What must you do crossing over a compulsory point?
The 5 T’s
- Time
- Turn
- Tune
- Torque
- Talk
Mandatory checks that allow you to descend from enroute altitude for the approach
- Cleared
- On course
- Within annotated distance or time
AGRDUB
Advanced Planning - ATIS/Weather
Garmin - Procedure Load, Select VLOC/GPS, ID
Radios - Set frequencies
Display - Configure PFDs/NDs
Upper Modes - Set as appropiate
Brief - Approach Name, Course Reversal, MDA/DA, Missed Approach Point
Unusual Attitude Recovery
- Attitude
- Trim
- Altitude
- Heading
- Airspeed
HAT
Height Above Touchdown (Straight In Approach)
HAA
Height Above Airport (Circling)
HAL
Height Above Landing (Copter Approach)
HAS
Height Above Surface (Copter for Space Approach)
Lost Commo Procedures (Altitude)
Highest of -
1. Minimum Altitude of IFR Route
2. Last Expected Altitude
3. Last Assigned Altitude
Lost Commo Procedures (Route)
In precedence -
1. Last Assigned
2. Radar Vectored
3. Expected Route
4. As Filed
1-3-6 Rule (1) Can I go?
- Must have weather minimums through ETA + 1 hour based off predominant weather
1-3-6 Rule (3) Do you need an alternate?
- Navaid is unmonitored
- Predominant weather is less than 400-1
- Radar is requiired for the approach
1-3-6 Rule (6) What is required for an airport to be an alternate?
- Worst weather forecast is equal to or greater than 400-1 planning minimums
- GPS based approach on 1 or the other unless RNAV with WAAS
- Radar is not required for the approach
- Does not state “Alternate NA” in pilot briefing section
- Navaids are monitored
- Surface based controlled airspace is in effect (B,C,D,E)
When is IFR file not acceptable?
- VFR Training
- Time not will not permit mission completion
- Mission can only be completed VFR
- Excessive IFR delays
- Single pilot
Helicopter SVFR Minimums
1/2SM and Clear of Clouds
Precision Approach
Standard instrument approach that has a glideslope
When do you start a turn on departure procedure?
400ft AGL Height Above Airport
What are the four times you may not reduce visibility minimums by 50%?
- Flying faster than 90KIAS (Category A)
- Copter Approaches
- Approach Plate says it
- No reduction that makes it less than 1/4 SM visibility
When can an aircraft be flown below MDA/DA?
Runway, approach Lights or landing area in sight and safe position to land
Difference between an ILS and PAR?
ILS - Instruments provide pilot with elevation and azimuth
PAR - ATC Final provides it to the pilot
Final Approach Fix for a non-precision approach?
Maltese Cross
Ground components of an ILS
- Localizer
- Glide Slope Course
- Marker Beacons
- Approach Lights
Area Forecast vs Terminal Forecast
Area is reported in MSL and Terminal is AGL
Blue/Green Airports vs Brown Airports
Brown airports do not have Instrument Approaches or Radar Minimums
MEA
Minimum Enroute Altitude - Guaranteed clearance of 1,000ft in non-mountainous and 2,000 in mountainous
MOCA
Minimum Enroute Altitude - Guaranteed obstacle clearance of 1,000ft in non-mountainous and 2,000 in mountainousMinimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude with radar reception within 22NM
Contact Approach vs Visual Approach
Contact - At pilots request with 1NM visibility and clear of clouds
Visual - Pilot must have airport or preceding aircraft in sight and proceed VMC
3 Change Over Points
- Halfway Point
- Dogleg
- Change Over Symbol
3 Scanning Errors
- Fixation
- Omission
- Emphasis
3 Fundamentals for Smooth Flight
- Cross-check
- Instrument Interpretation
- Aircraft Control
3 GPS Segments
- Space
- Control
- User
Acceptable deviation of NAV equipment
+/- 4 Degrees on the ground
+/- 6 Degrees in the air
