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Blood Bank - review > Basic genetics > Flashcards

Basic genetics Flashcards

1
Q

concerning genetic traits in large number of individuals

A

Population genetics

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2
Q

pertaining to cellular organization of genetic materials

A

cellular genetics

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3
Q

father of genetics. one who postulated law of inheritance

A

Gregor Mendel

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4
Q

first Mendell law

A

Law of independent or random segregation

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5
Q

law of independent assortment

A

states that genes for different traits are inherited separately from each other. allows all possible combination of offspring

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6
Q

carried by either parent or both parents but is not generally seen at the phenotypic level unless both parents carry the trait

A

Recessive trait

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7
Q

refers to traits that are not carried by sex chromosomes

A

autosomal

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8
Q

heterochromatin

A

stains dark bands

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9
Q

stains light bands and consists of highly condensed regions that are usually not transcriptionally active

A

Achromatin

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10
Q

the swollen form of chromatin in cells which is considered to be more active in the synthesis of RNA for transcription

A

Eurochromatin

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11
Q

each of the members of one chromosome pair is called

A

Chromosome homologue

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12
Q

male chromosome consists of

A

X and Y

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13
Q

female chromosome consist of

A

X and X

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14
Q

what do you call the 22 pairs from the human chromosome?

A

Autosomes

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15
Q

process of cell division unique to gametes (ova and sperm)

A

Meiosis

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16
Q

is the process of replication in nucleated body cells except gametes

A

Mitosis

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17
Q

process which one strand of DNA is copied into RNA

A

Transcription

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18
Q

Translation

A

cellular process in which RNA transcripts are turned into proteins and peptides, the functional molecules of the cell

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19
Q

also known as quiescence or resting phase

A

G0

20
Q

cell not actively in the cell cycle

A

G0

21
Q

period of cell growth and synthesis of cell components, last for 6-8 hrs / 10 hrs (Rodak’s)

A

Gap 1 (G1)

22
Q

Period in which nucleolus becomes visible and chromosomes are extended and active metabolically

A

Gap 1 (G1)

23
Q

Gap 1 (G1)

A

Cell prepares for cell division by synthesizing RNA and protein

24
Q

time of DNA replication, both growth and metabolic activities are minimal

A

S Phase (DNA synthesis)

25
Q

centrosome is also duplicated in what cell phase?

A

S Phase (DNA synthesis)

26
Q

S phase lasts for ___ or ____(Rodak’s)

A

6 or 8

27
Q

2nd period of growth , when DNA can again function to its maximum in the synthesis of RNA and proteins in preparation for mitotic division

A

Gap 2 (G2)

28
Q

Gap 2 lasts for ___

A

4 to 5 hours or 4 hrs (rodak’s)

29
Q

G0, G1, S Phase, and G2 are all part of what non-mitosis stage?

A

Interphase

30
Q

Mitosis phase consists of (in order)

A
  1. prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
31
Q

telophase

A

chromatin pattern reappear, nucelolus and nuclear membrane reappear, chromosomes arrive at opposite poles

32
Q

sister chromatids seperate and move to equatorial plate

A

Metaphase

33
Q

sister Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

A

Anaphase

34
Q

chromatin becomes tightly coiled, nucleolus and nuclear envelope disintegrate, centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell

A

Prophase

35
Q

te of a gene in a chromosome

A

locus

36
Q

always expressed

A

dominant gene

37
Q

alternate forms of a gene at a given locus

A

allele

38
Q

equal expression of two different inherited alleles

A

codominant

39
Q

Opposite antigens encoded at the same locus

A

antithetical

40
Q

refers to having two or more alleles at a given locus

A

Polymorphic

41
Q

gene that in the presence of a dominant gene does not express itself
ex :O

A

Recessive gene

42
Q

gene that does not produce any detectable trait

e

A

amorph

43
Q

identical alleles

A

homozygous

44
Q

Different alleles

A

heterozygous

45
Q

gene that suppresses the expression of another gene

A

suppressor gene

46
Q

Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters.” Alleles
are different versions of genes that impart the same characteristic.

A

first law: law of segreagation

47
Q

genes for different traits are inherited separately from each other

A

second law: law of independent assortment

Blood Bank - review (7 decks)

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