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Blood Bank - review > ABO blood group > Flashcards

ABO blood group Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE/FALSE

ABO is considered the most important of all blood grouos

A

TRUE

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2
Q

TRUE/FALSE

HTR is common in ABO

A

TRUE

*Severe

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3
Q

TRUE/FALSE

ABO is the most common cause of HDN

A

TRUE

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4
Q

ABO Forward typing other names

A

Front/ Direct typing

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5
Q

specimen for Direct/Front typing

A

Patient RBC

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6
Q

Reagent for Direct typing

A

commercial anti-sera

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7
Q

Anti-A sera is color ____

A

Blue

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8
Q

Anti-B sera is color ____

A

Yellow

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9
Q

what is detected ABO Forward typing?

A

ABO antigens

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10
Q

Principle of ABO Forward typing?

A

Agglutination

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11
Q

Reaction of blood groups to Anti-A and Anti-B sera

A

A: A(+), B(-)
B: A(-),B(+)
AB:A(+),B(+)
O:A(-),B(-)

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12
Q

Principle of ABO Reverse typing

A

Agglutination

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13
Q

other terms for ABO Reverse typing

A

Backward/Indirect/Serum typing

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14
Q

specimen in ABO Reverse typing

A

serum/plasma

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15
Q

reagent used in ABO Reverse typing

A

Known A cells, Known B cells

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16
Q

ABO Reverse typing is for the detection of

A

ABO antibodies

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17
Q

Reaction of blood groups to known cells

A

A: A(-), B(+)
B: A(+),B(-)
AB:A(-),B(-)
O:A(+),B(+)

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18
Q

Blood type rich in H antigen

A

blood type O

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19
Q

RELATIONSHIP between forward and reverse typing

A

Inversely proportional

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20
Q

centrifugation time for ABO typing

A

20 seconds

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21
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

Several large agglutinates
few free cells

clear supernatant

A

3+

75%

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22
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

many tiny agglutinates
may free cells
may not be visible w/o microscope

dark, turbid supernatant

A

W+

weak +/-

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23
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

no agglutinates
no aggregates

dark, turbid, homogenous supernatant

A

0

Negative

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24
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

many small agglutinates
many free cells

turbid supernatant

A

1+

25%

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25
Grading agglutination reactions: one large, solid agglutinate no free cells clear supernatant
4+ | 100%
26
Grading agglutination reactions: a few isolated aggregates, mostly free floating cells, supernatant appears red
mixed field
27
"halo" or "puff smoke"
mixed field
28
causes of mixed field
receiving non-ABO-type specific RBCs, ABO subgroups (A3), and bone marrow or HSC transplantation
29
ABO GENOTYPE OF THE FF.: ``` A1 A2 A1B A2B B O ```
``` A1 = A1A1,A1O,A1A2 A2 = A2O,A2A2 A1B = A1B A2B = A2B B = BB,BO O = OO ```
30
ABO genes found in chromosome
chromosome 9
31
dominant genes
A and B
32
Amorph/silent
O
33
Enzyme for H
L-fucosyltransferase
34
Enzyme for AB
N-acetylgalactosyltransferase | D-Galactosyltransferase
35
Enzyme for A
N-acetylgalactosyltransferase
36
Enzyme for B
D-Galactosyltransferase
37
Immunodominant sugar of A
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
38
immunodominant sugar of O
none
39
Immunodominant sugar of AB
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine | D-galactose
40
Immunodominant sugar of H
L-fucose
41
Immunodominant sugar of B
D-galactose
42
antigens for the following: ``` A B AB H O ```
``` A = A B = B AB = AB H = H O = unchanged ```
43
precursor structure on which A and B antigens are made
H antigen
44
TRUE/FALSE The H and Se genes are part of ABO blood group system
FALSE
45
TRUE/FALSE The H and Se genes influence inheritance of A and B antigen expression
TRUE
46
Linkage of Type 1
beta 1,3
47
linkage of type 2
beta 1,4
48
origin of type 2
Erythrocyte precursors
49
origin of type 1
plasma/secretions
50
antigen present in A1
A, A1
51
Reaction of A1 with anti-A1 lectin
+
52
80% of the A population
A1
53
1-8% of A2 produces _____
Anti-A1
54
22-35% of A2B produces ____
Anti-A1
55
source of anti-A1 lectin
Dolichos biflorus
56
A subgroups with (-) reaction on anti-AB
"MYel" Am Ay Ael
57
source of anti-B lectin
Bandeirea simplicifolia
58
higher titer compared to anti-A or anti-B alone
Anti-AB
59
A1 and A2 subgroups were described by
von Dungern
60
principle for detection of secretor status
Hemagglutination inhibition
61
(+) result for hemagglutination inhibition
no agglutination
62
most common to least common blood group
O > A > B > AB
63
TRUE/FALSE | ABH can be seen in tissues and secretions
TRUE
64
composition of ABH antigens on RBC
Glycolipids, glycoproteins, glycosphygolipids
65
composition of ABH antigens on secretions
glycoproteins
66
ABH substance in saliva of A
A and H
67
ABH Substance in saliva of B
B and H
68
ABH Substance in saliva of O
H
69
ABH Substance in saliva of AB
A, B, and H
70
ABH Substance in saliva of nonsecretor
none
71
ABO antibodies may be
IgG IgM (Predominant) IgA
72
5th phenotype
BOMBAY (Oh)
73
do not inherit the H gene
BOMBAY (Oh)
74
Landsteiner's Law
1) if Ag is already present on the RBC , the corresponding Ab must be absent from the plasma 2) If Ag is absent on the RBC, Ab must be present on the plasma
75
ABO antibody production begins at _____ and peaks at _____
3 - 6 months ; 5 - 10 years
76
only forward typing is performed on
Newborns *they can't produce antibodies yet, until they are 3-6 months or older
77
a person's blood type is his/her ____
Phenotype
78
principle of detection of Secretor Status
Agglutination-inhibition
79
positive result for detection of secretor status is
NO AGGLUTINATION
80
Show weaker reactivity with commonly used antisera
ABO subgroups
81
seed extracts that agglutinates human cells
Lectin
82
reported by Bhende in 1952 in Bombay, India
Bombay phenotype (Oh)
83
Bombay phenotype
Oh
84
Bombay genotype
hh
85
blood transfused to Bombay must be
from another Bombay (Oh)
86
most common discrepancy
Group I Discrepancy
87
unexpected reactions in the Reverse grouping due to weakly reacting or missing antibodies
Group I Discrepancy
88
unexpected reactions in the Forward grouping due to weakly reacting antigen
Group II Discrepancy
89
Caused by protein or plasma abnormalities and result in Rouleaux formation or Pseudoagglutination
Group III Discrepancy
90
Caused by Miscellaneous problems
Group IV Discrepancy
91
Group III Discrepancy resolved by
Washing
92
acquired B phenomenon is only seen in ______
group A persons
93
Group I Discrepancy resolved by
history; enhance reaction by incubation or addition of plasma
94
Group III Discrepancy common in
Wharton's jelly plasma expanders elevated fibrinogen elevated globulin (Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom's macoglobulinemia)
95
Group I Discrepancy common in
``` newborns elderly px with leukemia hypogammaglobunemia immunosuppressed ```
96
Group II Discrepancy common in
Acquired B phenomenon Subgroups A or B BGSS Hodgkin's disease
97
to detect true or acquired B
Acidified anti-B antisera
98
Acidified anti-B antisera pH
pH 6.0
99
only blood group that affects Clinical transplantation
ABO
100
-sugars that occupy the terminal positions of this precursor chain and confer blood group specificity
immunodominant sugars
101
beta 1 → 3 linkage | secretion
type 1
102
beta 1 → 4 linkage | rbc
type 2
103
represent phenotypes showing weaker and variable serologic reactivity with the commonly used human polyclonal antiA, anti-B, and anti-A,B reagents
ABO SUBGROUPS
104
A subgroup demonstrated by
von Dungern
105
show increased reactivity with anti-H lectin compared to A1 RBCs
A2 RBCs
106
chir=merism
presence of 2 cell population in an individual
107
inheritance of both AB genes from one parent and an O gene from another
Cis AB

Blood Bank - review (7 decks)

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