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Blood Bank - review > ABO blood group > Flashcards

ABO blood group Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE/FALSE

ABO is considered the most important of all blood grouos

A

TRUE

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2
Q

TRUE/FALSE

HTR is common in ABO

A

TRUE

*Severe

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3
Q

TRUE/FALSE

ABO is the most common cause of HDN

A

TRUE

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4
Q

ABO Forward typing other names

A

Front/ Direct typing

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5
Q

specimen for Direct/Front typing

A

Patient RBC

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6
Q

Reagent for Direct typing

A

commercial anti-sera

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7
Q

Anti-A sera is color ____

A

Blue

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8
Q

Anti-B sera is color ____

A

Yellow

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9
Q

what is detected ABO Forward typing?

A

ABO antigens

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10
Q

Principle of ABO Forward typing?

A

Agglutination

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11
Q

Reaction of blood groups to Anti-A and Anti-B sera

A

A: A(+), B(-)
B: A(-),B(+)
AB:A(+),B(+)
O:A(-),B(-)

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12
Q

Principle of ABO Reverse typing

A

Agglutination

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13
Q

other terms for ABO Reverse typing

A

Backward/Indirect/Serum typing

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14
Q

specimen in ABO Reverse typing

A

serum/plasma

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15
Q

reagent used in ABO Reverse typing

A

Known A cells, Known B cells

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16
Q

ABO Reverse typing is for the detection of

A

ABO antibodies

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17
Q

Reaction of blood groups to known cells

A

A: A(-), B(+)
B: A(+),B(-)
AB:A(-),B(-)
O:A(+),B(+)

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18
Q

Blood type rich in H antigen

A

blood type O

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19
Q

RELATIONSHIP between forward and reverse typing

A

Inversely proportional

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20
Q

centrifugation time for ABO typing

A

20 seconds

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21
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

Several large agglutinates
few free cells

clear supernatant

A

3+

75%

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22
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

many tiny agglutinates
may free cells
may not be visible w/o microscope

dark, turbid supernatant

A

W+

weak +/-

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23
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

no agglutinates
no aggregates

dark, turbid, homogenous supernatant

A

0

Negative

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24
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

many small agglutinates
many free cells

turbid supernatant

A

1+

25%

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25
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

one large, solid agglutinate
no free cells

clear supernatant

A

4+

100%

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26
Q

Grading agglutination reactions:

a few isolated aggregates, mostly free floating cells, supernatant appears red

A

mixed field

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27
Q

“halo” or “puff smoke”

A

mixed field

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28
Q

causes of mixed field

A

receiving non-ABO-type specific RBCs, ABO subgroups (A3), and bone marrow or HSC transplantation

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29
Q

ABO GENOTYPE OF THE FF.:

A1
A2
A1B
A2B
B
O
A 
A1 = A1A1,A1O,A1A2
A2 = A2O,A2A2
A1B = A1B
A2B = A2B
B = BB,BO
O = OO
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30
Q

ABO genes found in chromosome

A

chromosome 9

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31
Q

dominant genes

A

A and B

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32
Q

Amorph/silent

A

O

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33
Q

Enzyme for H

A

L-fucosyltransferase

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34
Q

Enzyme for AB

A

N-acetylgalactosyltransferase

D-Galactosyltransferase

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35
Q

Enzyme for A

A

N-acetylgalactosyltransferase

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36
Q

Enzyme for B

A

D-Galactosyltransferase

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37
Q

Immunodominant sugar of A

A

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

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38
Q

immunodominant sugar of O

A

none

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39
Q

Immunodominant sugar of AB

A

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

D-galactose

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40
Q

Immunodominant sugar of H

A

L-fucose

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41
Q

Immunodominant sugar of B

A

D-galactose

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42
Q

antigens for the following:

A
B
AB
H
O
A 
A = A
B = B
AB = AB
H = H
O = unchanged
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43
Q

precursor structure on which A and B antigens are made

A

H antigen

44
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The H and Se genes are part of ABO blood group system

A

FALSE

45
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The H and Se genes influence inheritance of A and B antigen expression

A

TRUE

46
Q

Linkage of Type 1

A

beta 1,3

47
Q

linkage of type 2

A

beta 1,4

48
Q

origin of type 2

A

Erythrocyte precursors

49
Q

origin of type 1

A

plasma/secretions

50
Q

antigen present in A1

A

A, A1

51
Q

Reaction of A1 with anti-A1 lectin

A

+

52
Q

80% of the A population

A

A1

53
Q

1-8% of A2 produces _____

A

Anti-A1

54
Q

22-35% of A2B produces ____

A

Anti-A1

55
Q

source of anti-A1 lectin

A

Dolichos biflorus

56
Q

A subgroups with (-) reaction on anti-AB

A

“MYel”

Am
Ay
Ael

57
Q

source of anti-B lectin

A

Bandeirea simplicifolia

58
Q

higher titer compared to anti-A or anti-B alone

A

Anti-AB

59
Q

A1 and A2 subgroups were described by

A

von Dungern

60
Q

principle for detection of secretor status

A

Hemagglutination inhibition

61
Q

(+) result for hemagglutination inhibition

A

no agglutination

62
Q

most common to least common blood group

A

O > A > B > AB

63
Q

TRUE/FALSE

ABH can be seen in tissues and secretions

A

TRUE

64
Q

composition of ABH antigens on RBC

A

Glycolipids, glycoproteins, glycosphygolipids

65
Q

composition of ABH antigens on secretions

A

glycoproteins

66
Q

ABH substance in saliva of A

A

A and H

67
Q

ABH Substance in saliva of B

A

B and H

68
Q

ABH Substance in saliva of O

A

H

69
Q

ABH Substance in saliva of AB

A

A, B, and H

70
Q

ABH Substance in saliva of nonsecretor

A

none

71
Q

ABO antibodies may be

A

IgG
IgM (Predominant)
IgA

72
Q

5th phenotype

A

BOMBAY (Oh)

73
Q

do not inherit the H gene

A

BOMBAY (Oh)

74
Q

Landsteiner’s Law

A

1) if Ag is already present on the RBC , the corresponding Ab must be absent from the plasma
2) If Ag is absent on the RBC, Ab must be present on the plasma

75
Q

ABO antibody production begins at _____ and peaks at _____

A

3 - 6 months ; 5 - 10 years

76
Q

only forward typing is performed on

A

Newborns

*they can’t produce antibodies yet, until they are 3-6 months or older

77
Q

a person’s blood type is his/her ____

A

Phenotype

78
Q

principle of detection of Secretor Status

A

Agglutination-inhibition

79
Q

positive result for detection of secretor status is

A

NO AGGLUTINATION

80
Q

Show weaker reactivity with commonly used antisera

A

ABO subgroups

81
Q

seed extracts that agglutinates human cells

A

Lectin

82
Q

reported by Bhende in 1952 in Bombay, India

A

Bombay phenotype (Oh)

83
Q

Bombay phenotype

A

Oh

84
Q

Bombay genotype

A

hh

85
Q

blood transfused to Bombay must be

A

from another Bombay (Oh)

86
Q

most common discrepancy

A

Group I Discrepancy

87
Q

unexpected reactions in the Reverse grouping due to weakly reacting or missing antibodies

A

Group I Discrepancy

88
Q

unexpected reactions in the Forward grouping due to weakly reacting antigen

A

Group II Discrepancy

89
Q

Caused by protein or plasma abnormalities and result in Rouleaux formation or Pseudoagglutination

A

Group III Discrepancy

90
Q

Caused by Miscellaneous problems

A

Group IV Discrepancy

91
Q

Group III Discrepancy resolved by

A

Washing

92
Q

acquired B phenomenon is only seen in ______

A

group A persons

93
Q

Group I Discrepancy resolved by

A

history; enhance reaction by incubation or addition of plasma

94
Q

Group III Discrepancy common in

A

Wharton’s jelly
plasma expanders
elevated fibrinogen
elevated globulin (Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom’s macoglobulinemia)

95
Q

Group I Discrepancy common in

A 
newborns
elderly
px with leukemia
hypogammaglobunemia
immunosuppressed
96
Q

Group II Discrepancy common in

A

Acquired B phenomenon
Subgroups A or B
BGSS
Hodgkin’s disease

97
Q

to detect true or acquired B

A

Acidified anti-B antisera

98
Q

Acidified anti-B antisera pH

A

pH 6.0

99
Q

only blood group that affects Clinical transplantation

A

ABO

100
Q

-sugars that occupy the terminal positions of this precursor chain and confer blood group
specificity

A

immunodominant sugars

101
Q

beta 1 → 3 linkage

secretion

A

type 1

102
Q

beta 1 → 4 linkage

rbc

A

type 2

103
Q

represent phenotypes showing weaker and variable serologic reactivity with the commonly used human polyclonal antiA, anti-B, and anti-A,B reagents

A

ABO SUBGROUPS

104
Q

A subgroup demonstrated by

A

von Dungern

105
Q

show increased reactivity with anti-H lectin compared to A1 RBCs

A

A2 RBCs

106
Q

chir=merism

A

presence of 2 cell population in an individual

107
Q

inheritance of both AB genes from one parent and an O gene from another

A

Cis AB

Blood Bank - review (7 decks)

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