Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Made up of carbon and hydrogen only

Question 2

Saturated

Answer 2

Single bonds only

Question 3

Unsaturated

Answer 3

Multiple bonds

Question 4

Homologous series

Answer 4

Family of compounds with similar chemical properties, differ by addition of CH2 group

Question 5

Functional group

Answer 5

Part of organic molecule that is responsible for molecules chemical properties
Carbon can bond to many elements

Question 6

Classification of organic molecules

Answer 6

Aliphatic
Alicyclics
Aromatic

Question 7

Aliphatic

Answer 7

Carbon atoms joined in unbranched or branched chains or non aromatic rings

Question 8

Alicyclic

Answer 8

Carbon atoms joined together in cyclic structures with or without branches

Question 9

Aromatic

Answer 9

Some/all carbons in a benzene ring

Question 10

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Answer 10

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes

Question 11

Naming molecules

Answer 11

Identify functional group
Identify longest carbon chain
Identify length of side groups
Names of molecules in alphabetical order

Question 12

Alkene prefixes and suffixes

Answer 12

-ene

Question 13

Alcohol prefixes and suffixes

Answer 13

Hydroxyl-

-ol

Question 14

Haloalkane prefix and suffixes

Answer 14

Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-

Question 15

Aldehyde prefix and suffixes

Answer 15

-al

Question 16

Ketone prefix and suffixes

Answer 16

-one

Question 17

Carboxylic acid prefix and suffixes

Answer 17

-oic acid

Question 18

Chemical formulae

Answer 18

Molecular
Empirical
Structural
Displayed
Skeletal

Question 19

Molecular formulae

Answer 19

No type of atoms present
Does not show bonding
Isomers

Question 20

Empirical formulae

Answer 20

Simplest whole no ratio of atoms

Homologous molecules have same empirical formulae

Question 21

General formulae

Answer 21

Simplest algebraic formula for any homologous series

Question 22

General formula of alkanes

Answer 22

Cn H2n+2

Question 23

General formula of alkenes

Answer 23

Cn H2n

Question 24

General formula of alcohols

Answer 24

Cn H2n+1 OH

Question 25

General formula of carboxylic acids

Answer 25

Cn H2n O2

Question 26

General formula of ketones

Answer 26

Cn H2n O

Question 27

Displayed formula

Answer 27

Relative positioning of all atoms in a molecule and bonds

Question 28

Structural formula

Answer 28

Smallest detail necessary to show arrangement

Shows bonds

Question 29

Skeletal formula

Answer 29

Remove all C and H

Molecules with functional groups must be included

Question 30

Structural position isomers

Answer 30

Same molecular formula, different structural formula
Draw out the different ways that the carbons can be joined
If functional group present, place in different positions

Question 31

Functional group isomers

Answer 31

Same molecular formula, different functional group

Question 32

Types of bond fission

Answer 32

Homolytic fission

Heterocyclic fission

Question 33

Homolytic fission

Answer 33

Each bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons from bond
Each atom now has a single unpaired electron, radical

Question 34

Heterolytic fission

Answer 34

One bonded atom takes both electrons from bond

Anions, cations formed

Question 35

Reaction mechanisms

Answer 35

Curly arrows, heterolytic fission

Fish hook arrows, homolytic fission

Question 36

Addition reactions

Answer 36

2 reactants join, form 1 product

Question 37

Substitution reactions

Answer 37

Atom/groups of atoms replaced by different atoms

Question 38

Elimination reactions

Answer 38

Removal of molecule from larger one