Bandura's other studies (LT)

Question 1

STUDY 1963

Aim

Answer 1

• To investigate whether a filmed model would have the same effect as a live model on children’s aggression.
• It was also to investigate whether cartoon aggression will have a similar impact to realistic filmed aggression

Question 2

STUDY 1963

Procedure

Answer 2

• 96 children (48 boys, 48 girls), aged 39–52 months, were selected from Stanford University Nursery using an independent groups design.
• Children were assigned to one of four groups: live aggression, filmed aggression, cartoon aggression, or a non-aggressive control group.
• Each experimental group observed aggressive behaviour toward a Bobo Doll, either live, on film, or in cartoon form.
• All children were deliberately frustrated by having desirable toys taken away from them.
• They were then taken to a playroom with various toys (including a Bobo Doll), and their behaviour was covertly observed.

Question 3

STUDY 1963

Findings

Answer 3

• All three experimental groups showed increased aggression compared to the control group.
• The highest aggression was seen in the cartoon condition, followed by filmed, then live aggression.
• Although the experimental groups differed slightly, these differences weren’t statistically significant; all were significantly more aggressive than the control group.

Question 4

STUDY 1963

Conclusion

Answer 4

Exposure to live or filmed aggression increases the likelihood of aggression in response to frustration, even if the aggression is modelled by a cartoon figure

Question 5

STUDY 1963

Strength (only i given)

Answer 5

Control of study leading to high internal validity

Question 6

STUDY 1963

Weakness (only i given)

Answer 6

manner in which children are assessed in their demo of aggression is unrealistic, meaning the study lacks mundane realism

Question 7

STUDY 1965

Aim

Answer 7

To investigate whether reinforcement of the punishment of an aggressive model would influence the aggression displayed in children in response to frustration.

Question 8

STUDY 1965

Procedure

Answer 8

• 66 children (33 boys, 33 girls), aged 42–71 months, from Stanford University Nursery, were tested using an independent groups design.
• Children watched one of three videos: the model was either rewarded (with praise, drink, and chocolate), punished (scolded and spanked), or received no consequences.
• Each child watched the video in a waiting room before being deliberately frustrated to provoke potential aggression.
• Children were then taken to a playroom with a Bobo Doll and other toys, where their behaviour was observed.
• At the end, all children were promised a reward if they could imitate the model’s aggressive behaviour.

Question 9

STUDY 1965

Findings

Answer 9

• Children in the model punished condition showed the least aggression at first.
• When all children were offered a reward, aggression increased significantly across all groups.
• The initial group differences disappeared once the reward was introduced.

Question 10

STUDY 1965

Conclusion

Answer 10

• Vicarious punishment (seeing punishment of others) reduces imitated aggression.
• But the promise of reinforcement is a more powerful influence on aggression

Question 11

STUDY 1965

Strength (only i given)

Answer 11

Control of study leading to high internal validity

Question 12

STUDY 1965

Weakness (only i given)

Answer 12

manner in which children are assessed in their demo of aggression is unrealistic, meaning the study lacks mundane realism