Issues and debates: science (cog)

Question 1

INTRO

Science

Answer 1

• Psychology uses the hypothetico-deductive method, testing theories through objective research with tight controls to establish cause and effect.
• Scientific research should be based on empiricism and falsifiability, according to Popper i.e. scientifically tested to find out if it was right or wrong, could not be considered scientific.

Question 2

A01 & A03 (is)

Answer 2

A01:
Cognitive psychology often uses lab experiments with high control and standardisation, like giving all participants identical word lists in memory studies, ensuring replicability and objective data collection.

A03:
Baddeley’s memory study showed strong scientific features: participants received word lists at timed intervals, extraneous variables were controlled, and the use of numerical recall scores ensured objective, replicable results.

Question 3

A01 & A03 (isn’t)

Answer 3

A01:
Yet, not all cognitive research maintains full control or objectivity. In studies like Bartlett’s, memory recall conditions varied, and interpretations of memories (e.g., “war of the ghosts”) involved subjective analysis.

A03:
Bartlett’s work lacked standardisation, with different recall intervals, leading to failed replications (e.g., Wynn & Logie). Case studies like HM also lack replicability because of their unique, ethically complex circumstances, reducing scientific reliability.