Individual differences and development (CP) Flashcards
Individual differences in memory
autobigraphical mempry is by nature individual
- Palombo (2012) tested the autobiographical memory components of semantic and episodic memories in 598 volunteers using the Survey of Autobiographical Memory. She found that individuals who score high or low in episodic memory also scores high or low in semantic memories. Demonstrating that people have overall “good” or “poor” memories, but level of “good” and “poor” varied between people.
- Men also tended to score higher in spatial memory.
Individual differences in memory
Schemas
- Supported by Bartlett’s study of the War of the Ghosts, one’s experiences and culture influence their schema, which then affect the way that memories are encoded and retrieved. E.g. British participants transformed the word “canoe” in the native American folk tale to “boat” and “seal hunting” to “fishing”. This demonstrates that the memory of the story was affected and changed by the British schema.
Devlopmental psychology in memory
Sebastián and Hernández-Gil, spanish digit span
Sebastián and Hernández-Gil (2012) discuss developmental issues in memory span development comparing Anglo-Saxon children’s digit spans and Spanish children’s digit spans.
Seen as the average digit span was lower for spanish children compared to english children.
This demonstrates how the language that children are raised with can impact how their digit span can develop.
Devlopmental psychology in memory
Sebastián and Hernández-Gil, age digit span
Sebastián and Hernández-Gil (2012) discuss developmental issues in memory span development, which is low at 5-years old, then develops as memory develops, up to 17-years old.
Seen as youngest age group (5) had digit span of 3.76. Digit span increased steadily to 11 (mean 5.28). the rate then slowed to 17 (mean 5.91)
This demonstrates how the digit span will be impacted by the age of the individual, and what they have experienced in life.
