Issues and debates: ethical issues (bio)

Question 1

INTRO

Ethical issues

Answer 1

Researchers need to consider the potential physical or psychological risks to participants and are responsible for ensuring that the level of risk is minimised and that participants are fully aware of any risk before they agree to participate. Adhering to the BPS code of conduct (Respect, Competence, Responsibility and Integrity).

Question 2

A01 & A03 (aren’t)

Answer 2

A01
* Biological research often uses animals, requiring strict licences and welfare guidelines under the Scientific Procedures Act to ensure ethical treatment.

A03
Motelica-Heino et al (1993):
* Castrated male rats to study testosterone and aggression.
* Minimal pain or distress was caused, and long-term harm was avoided.
* Demonstrated important cause-effect findings while maintaining ethical standards.

Question 3

A01 & A03 (are)

Answer 3

A01
* Research on violent offenders or vulnerable individuals must gain ethical approval, ensuring participants understand their right to withdraw and experience no additional harm.

A03
Raine et al:
* Most NGRI (Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity) participants gave consent, sometimes supported by legal carers.
* However, removing medication two weeks prior to PET scans could be considered unethical as it potentially harmed participants’ wellbeing.

Question 4

judgement

Answer 4

Overall, biological psychology faces significant ethical challenges, particularly when working with vulnerable groups or animals, but attempts to minimise harm through regulation.