Bandura, Ross and Ross 1961

Question 1

this study had several hypotheses, what were they?

Answer 1

1. children exposed to aggressive models would also produce aggressive acts and be more agressive than controls with no exposure.
2. the observation of non-aggressive models would have an effect and they would be less agressive than controls.
3. participants will imitate a model of the same sex to a greater degree than the opposite sex.
4. males will be more aggressive as its a masculine-typed behaviour.

Question 2

how many boys and girls were used in this study?

Answer 2

36 girls and 36 boys

Question 3

where were the children from?

Answer 3

Stanford university nursery school

Question 4

what was the age range of the children?

Answer 4

37-69 months

Question 5

who acted as the role models?`

Answer 5

two adults - a male and a female

- a female experimenter conducted the study.

Question 6

how many participants where there all together?

Answer 6

72

Question 7

how many were in the control group?

Answer 7

24

Question 8

how many participants were in the experimental conditions?

Answer 8

(48 in totals boys and girls)
8 conditions
6 participants in each

Question 9

what experimental conditions were there/

Answer 9

• male participant with a male aggressive model
• male participant with a female aggressive model
• male participant with a male non-aggressive model
• male participant with a female non-aggressive model
  (the same for female participants.)

Question 10

what was the control group exposed to?

Answer 10

nothing. they had no exposure to a model

Question 11

what design method was used in the experiment?

Answer 11

matched pairs, the participants were matched before hand on how aggressive they were at nursery - they were rated by an experimenter and one teacher.

Question 12

what was the inter-rater reliability found?

Answer 12

.89

Question 13

the experimental condition the child ptps is brought into the room, what happens after?

Answer 13

the experimenter invites the allocated model to come and play and tells the child to play with the potato prints and sticker pictures whilst the model is told to go on the other side of the room where the bobo doll is.

Question 14

in the non-agressive conditions what does the model do differently to the aggressive condition?

Answer 14

he/she ignores the doll and plays with the tinker dolls

Question 15

how long does the experimenter leave the room for whilst the model and kid play with the toys?

Answer 15

10 mins

Question 16

what happens in the agressive condition?

Answer 16

the model plays eith the tinker toys for one min and then lays the Bobo doll on its side, sits on it and punches it in the nose - he strikes it with a mallet and kicks it.

Question 17

what verbal agression is presented by the aggressive model?

Answer 17

“sock him in the nose”
“kick him”
“pow” etc…

Question 18

what happened after the partcipants viewed or did not view the model depending on the condition?

Answer 18

they were taken to another room and exposed to mild aggressive arousal

Question 19

how did the experimenter expose the children to mild aggressive arousal?

Answer 19

they sent the kids to a room with attractive toys such as a fire engine and colourful spinning top - they were allowed to play but once they were sufficiently engaged in the toys they experimenter took the toys away from them and said we should save these for the other children,

Question 20

what happened after the ptps were denied access to the “attractive toys”?

Answer 20

they were brought back to the other room where they were allowed to play with the toys in there and the experimenter remained in the room but avoided interaction.

Question 21

what toys did the new room contain?

Answer 21

dart gun, mallet, tea-set, crayons, bears and trucks.

Question 22

how long did every participant spend in the new room?

Answer 22

20 mins

Question 23

how was their behaviour observed?

Answer 23

through a one-way mirror, and it was rated against predetermined categories in `5 second intervals

Question 24

who were participants scored by?

Answer 24

a male model who only rated the children who he didn’t model for and independently by another observer

Question 25

what inter-observer reliability was found?

Answer 25

0.90

Question 26

how many of the participants displayed the models novel behaviour in the aggressive condition?

Answer 26

all but 2

Question 27

what were the results for a female ptps with a female aggressive and non-aggressive model?

Answer 27

F/F model Aggressive = 5.5.
F/F model non-aggressive = 2.5
control = 1.2

Question 28

what were the results for male ptps with a males aggressive and non-aggressive model?

Answer 28

M/M model aggressive = 25.8
M/M model non-aggressive = 1.5
control = 2.0

Question 29

how was the study reliable?

Answer 29

• two judges were used to independently rate the children and then checked to make sure they agreed on what they saw and inter-observer reliability was 0.90

Question 30

what is an example of where control were used with care?

Answer 30

• they took care to get the children all in the same emotional state before the observation
• set up measurable acts that could be recorded.

Question 31

why was the study criticised on ethical grounds?

Answer 31

• the researchers do not explain in any detail how consent was obtained for the study
• children observed an adult being aggressive and copied that behaviour
• parents are not mentioned in the study and therefore they may not of given consent.

Question 32

how may the study lack generalisability?

Answer 32

• because it used 37-69 month olds which means the results are not representative of older people.