Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory

Question 1

working memory =

Answer 1

short term storage and processing

Question 2

Long term store is where we have visual…

Answer 2

semantics

Question 3

episodic long term memory is where we have…

Answer 3

our own subjective experiences stored

Question 4

language is….

Answer 4

all our knowledge of any language we know is stored

Question 5

visuospatial sketch pad….

Answer 5

where all our visuospatial information is stored

Question 6

episodic buffer, according to Baddeley 2012…

Answer 6

this is episodic in that it is capable of holding multidimensional episodes or chunks, which may combine visual and auditory information possibly also with smell and taste

Question 7

episodic buffer?

Answer 7

explains how LTM can influence processing in STM, limited capacity system (4 chunks of info), integrates information from various sources, acts as intermediary between phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad.

Question 8

visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 8

Temporary storage of spatial and visual information
Visual cache
>stores info about visual form and colour
Inner scribe
> processes spatial + movement information
> involved in rehersal of information in visual cache
> transfers information from cache to central executive
Temporary storage of spatial and visual information
Visual cache
>stores info about visual form and colour
Inner scribe
> processes spatial + movement information
> involved in rehersal of information in visual cache
> transfers information from cache to central executive
Temporary storage of spatial and visual information
Visual cache
>stores info about visual form and colour
Inner scribe
> processes spatial + movement information
> involved in rehersal of information in visual cache
> transfers information from cache to central executive
Temporary storage of spatial and visual information
Visual cache
>stores info about visual form and colour
Inner scribe
> processes spatial + movement information
> involved in rehersal of information in visual cache
> transfers information from cache to central executive

Question 9

testing the visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 9

> visuo-spatial bootstrapping < Darling and Havelka (2010_
asked to recall digits
had to recall items in same order the digits were presented
“our prediction was that additional visuospatial material that was not explicitly task relevant, presented during a verbal memory task, would facilitate verbal memory” < darling & havelka 2010

Question 10

the phonological loop

Answer 10

Two components
Phonological store
> passive store concerned with speech perception
Articulatory control process
> active process concerned with speech production
> used for verbal rehersal

Question 11

evidence for the phonological loop…

Answer 11

Phonological similarity impairs STM (baddeley et al, 2018)

Occupying phonological loop (articulatory suppression impairs memory performance)

Question 12

the central executive?

Answer 12

(most important component):
Does not store information
Assumed to involve dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Tms to dlpfc impairs executive control (mottaghy, 2006)
Selective attention
Switching between tasks
Interfacing with long-term memory (?)

Question 13

central executive limitations…

Answer 13

Somewhat (largely) underspecified
Damage to DLPFC leads to “dysexecutive syndrome” > but patients with limited frontal damage have specific cognitive impairments (stuss & alexander, 2007)
DLPFC responsible for different types of executive control of which Working Memory
is one