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Bacteriology > Bacterio4 > Flashcards

Bacterio4 Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium rods are gram…. , (spore forming/non)…. , (aerobic/anaerobic) …… bacteria and (motile/nonmotile)….

A

Positive
Spore forming
Anaerobes
Motile

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2
Q

Clostridium tetani and botulinum diseases are …… mediated. Clostridium perfringens causes ….. of the muscle and …. gangrene while clostridium difficile causes……

A

Toxin
Fermentation
Gas gangrene
Nosocomial gastroenteritis

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3
Q

T or F

TSST are superantigens

A

True

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4
Q

The flagella on clostridium have …… appearance

A

Peritrichous (in all directions)

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5
Q

Clostridium tetani are present mainly in …., feces of animals and nail and teeth of animals
On gram staining it appears like a ….. with a terminal spore

A

Soil

Drumstick

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6
Q

What causes the disease by clostridium tetani is the toxin called ……. which is …… coded

A

Tetanospasmin

Plasmid coded

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7
Q

Tetanospasmin will be released (before / after) vegetation of the spore, it blocks the release of ….. in CNS this will lead to an ….. contractions aka…..

A

After
GABA
Irreversible
Spasms

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8
Q 
In a tetanus case we can see:
1-...... smile aka------
2- sustained....
3- .....
4-..... of the back aka------
A

1- cynical smile( risus sardonicus)
2- sustained spasms
3-locked jaW (trismus)
4-arching of the back (opithotonos) (may cause vertebral fractures)

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9
Q

Tetanospasmin mainly affects the CNS , so this may lead to …… (perturbance of the electricity of the heart),……..(blood related) and …..(not because of the infection itself but because of disruption of the limbic system).

A

Cardiac arrhythmia
Blood pressure
Fever

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10
Q

Regarding diagnosis of clostridium tetani it’s completely ….
regarding it’s treatment is difficult

A

Clinical

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11
Q

What is the name of treatment containing neutralizing antibodies for tetanospasmin?

A

Tetagam

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12
Q

If the new born was infected by clostridium tetani while cuting his umbilical cord he will develop……..
Tx: …… and …..
then after 10 years i will give him a booster called ….

A

Neonatal sepsis
Tetagam (to protect him first 2 weeks)
DTaP( to induce active immunity in this baby)
Tetavax (Td)

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13
Q

If an adult that had taken his last booster at 10 got bitten by a dog, should we give him tetagam or tetavax?

A

Tetavaxxxxx (foreverrr👄)

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14
Q

T or F

If the patient had taken all his vaccines and booster for tetanoplasmin , he deosn’t need tetagam anymore in any case.

A

False

He need tetagam in case of dirty wounds( zefet)

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15
Q

T or F

Clostridium botulism are found in smoked , spiced and canned food like in homemade pickles

A

True

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16
Q

T or F

Clostridium botulinum are invasive unlike tetani

A

False they not invasive they secrete toxin

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17
Q

Regarding botulinum toxin, it’s coded by ….. , have light and heavy chains joined by ….., will enter the axon and destroy….. this will lead to …. paralysis.

A

Bacteriophage
Disulfide bond
Snares (Snap proteins)
Flaccid paralysis

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18
Q

Paralysis caused by botulinum toxin can have an effect on vision(……….), swallowing(………) ,speach (………) —— and —— nerves.

A

1-diplopia (double vision)
2-dysphagia
3-dysarthria
vagus ( heart ) and phrenic

19
Q

T or F

Clostridium botulinum have a long IP unlike chlostridia tetani

A

False

reversed

20
Q

The antitoxin or antidote given for clostridium botulinum is …… because the number of toxins that mostly cause the disease are …

A

Trivalent

3

21
Q

Sudden infant death after cyanosis, may be caused by…….. after the infant (less than 1 year ) has ingested …..

A

Clostridum botulinum

Honey

22
Q

botulinum can cause —— (closed eyelids) due to ——- and taking the shot ——- or ——-, also it can cause skin infections like —— together with——

A

ptosis
Contamination with clostridium botulinum while taking the shot of black tar heroin SC or IM leads to ptosis
abscesses (skin botulism)
chlostridia perfringens

23
Q

Clostridia perfringens is (invasive/not)…..,(secrete/not) ……toxins, causes …..gangrene or clostridial…..and ……. (detected after pulpation) and can cause —— and —– because it’s invasive with its toxin

A 
Invasive
Secrete toxins
Gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis
Crepitation
bacteremia and toximia
24
Q

Some toxins secreted by clostridium perfringens attack ….. and secretes exotoxins named —,— and—- while others make ….. causing —— gastroenteritis

A

Skin and muscles
alpha beta and epsilon
Enterotoxins
necrotizing

25
Q

T or F

Clostridium perfringens spores can’t cause necrotizing gastroenteritis

A

False

They can because the enterotoxin is found on the spore too

26
Q

T or F

Clostridium perfringens can cause toxemia and bacterimia

A

True

Because they are invasive

27
Q

Tx of clostridia perfringens

A

Penicillin G

28
Q

Clostridium difficile is part of …. NF, can cause ….., this case is also caused by two antibiotics:….. and ….., this case is caused by realease of toxins …,… and …

A

Intestinal
Pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin and omeprazole
Toxins A and B

29
Q

Tx for C.diff

A

We start with metronidazole

If no effect we give vancomycin (PO not IV)

30
Q

Neisseriae are diplocci (…….shape),(strict or non strict) human pathogens,gram….., gonnorrhea prefers to live ….. while meningitidis prefers to live……., neisseria are mostly (aerobic or anaerobic)

A
  • kidney shape
  • strict
  • negative
  • intracellular
  • extracellular
  • aerobic
31
Q

Which one have a capsule and which don’t? Gonorrhea or meningitidis

A

Gono no capsule while menin have capsule

32
Q

T or F

Gono and menin share about 50% of DNA

A

False

70%

33
Q

Neisseria meningitidis are mostly transmitted in the ….. while gonorrhea are transmitted only…..

A

Urt

Sexually ( genitourinary)

34
Q

Neisseria can grow on both media: ……… (non-selective) and ……. (selective for neisseria), both are ….. agars (heated blood agars), they are oxidase (+/-)

A

Chocolate medium
Thayer-Martin medium
Chocolate
Oxidase +

35
Q

N.gonorrhea aka….., have many …..on the outer surface of bacteria, and pores.
Opa is a virulence factor , has a role in ……. Rmp has a role in ……
Have LOS of short…..and more …..
beta lactamases (pos/neg)——-

A 
Gonococci
Pilli (fimbrae)
Aggregation
Protection of other antigens
O antigen and more variability
36
Q

Tx of gonnorrhea:

A

Beta lactamases ( MDR in leb PDR in canada)
Ceftriaxone (IM) (for adults)
Erythromycin for children (in eyes)

37
Q

STIs are never diagnosed …… we should always do testing

A

Clinically

38
Q

List the consequences of the N.gonorrhea infection on

  • urethra
  • rectum
  • pharynx
  • cervix
  • fallopian tubes
  • ovaries
A

-urethritis
-proctitis (pus in stool with pain while defecating)
-pharyngitis
-cervicitis
-salpingitis
-oophoritis
PID——-> peri hepatitis

39
Q

T or F

STI can only be transmitted through sexual contact

A

true but in case of gonorrhea from mother to child

40
Q

……. is a term used when we have already an infection and another one will follow it example of infections following ulcers caused by—– , like in case of STIs
In STIs ….. of women are asymptomatic

A

Co-infections
syphilus or ducreyi
80%

41
Q

N.gonorrhea in children may cause…..

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

42
Q

In urethritis there is ….. leaking out , and thus we will have bad smell of urine (khara aktr mena khara), and the urethra may …… this will need surgery

A

Pus

Close

43
Q

Oophritis and orchitis may lead to …..

A

Infertility

44
Q

…….is a case caused by N.gonorrhea, found on 1 knee because of ——

A

Septic arthritis

bacteremia

Bacteriology (10 decks)

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