Bacterial And Viral Diseases Flashcards
What is unique about bacterial cell dna?
It isn’t in a nucleus
What 3 microbes can cause INFECTIOUS disease?
- bacteria
- fungi
- viruses
What is a non communicable disease?
A disease that cannot be spread or passed on because it isn’t caused by a pathogen
What are infectious diseases?
Diseases that can be caught
How can infectious diseases be spread?
Can be spread because they are caused by micro organisms that can be passed from person to person
What microorganisms cause a disease?
Pathogens
What are the four main types of pathogens?
- bacteria
- fungi
- viruses
- protists
What are 6 ways in which pathogens can spread?
- air
- touch
- food+water
- animal bites
- infected needles
- unprotected sex
What are three ways to reduce the spread of pathogens in food and water?
- cook food thoroughly
- don’t eat food past it’s use-!% date
- if drinking water is not treated, boil it
What is a way to reduce the spread of pathogens by insect bites?
- insect repellant+ spray insecticides to reduce number of insects
What is a way to reduce pathogens spread by airborne droplets?
- isolate ill patients
What is two ways to reduce the spread of pathogens through direct contact?
- use hand sanitiser
- use condoms (sex)
What is a way to reduce the spread of pathogens by indirect contact?
Use of sanitiser for surfaces
What are the two main ways pathogens can cause illness(
Toxins+ cell damage (reproduction)
What are toxins?
Harmful substances produced by the pathogen that poison the body’s tissues+ enzymes causing damage
How can reproduction cause illness? (2 points)
-A rise in the number of pathogens can damage a cell even causing it to burst
-some pathogens hijack resources that the cell needs to survive
What is the rate of bacterial reproduction in the human body?
Bacteria reproduce asexually every 20 mins or so
How does bacterial reproduction damage our cells?
As the colony grows it causes damage by crowding out and damaging healthy cells around it
How can bacteria cause illness in the body?
They can make us feel I’ll by releasing toxins that cause damage to surrounding cells+tissues
What do viruses need in order to reproduce within?
A host cell
What is the role of the body cells in virus reproduction?
Body cells provide machinery+ chemicals the virus requires allowing them to replicate+ spread
Describe the process of host cell infection (3 points)
- INSERTION= the virus injects it’s genetic material through the injection tube+ into the host cell
- REPLICATION= the genetic material makes multiple copies of itself
-CELL LYSIS= the host cell bursts releasing all the viruses+ the cell is damaged making us feel ill+ each virus will then start another round of replication inside another host cell
What are the three process NAMES for the process of host cell infection?
- Insertion
- replication
- cell lysis (cell breaks)
How do toxins and cell damage affect symptoms of a disease?
Toxins+ cell damage give rise to symptoms of a disease
What are symptoms?
The indicators/ signs of an illness as felt by the infected person
What can make you feel ill all over?
Toxins in the blood
What are the 8 ways microbes can enter the body?
- eyes
- ears
- mouth
- nose
- stomach
- wind pipe
- genitals
- cuts/wounds
How can the eyes defend against pathogens?
Produce slightly anti septic tears
How can the nose defend against pathogens?
Contains hair+mucus to trap particles containing pathogens
How can the trachea and bronchi defend against pathogens? (Two points)
- secrete mucus to trap pathogens
- cilia lines to waft mucus up to throat to be swallowed
How can the stomach defend against pathogens?
- produced hydrochloric acid that kills pathogens that reach the stomach
How does our skin help defend against pathogens? (2 points)
- physical barrier to pathogens
- produces sweat (slightly antiseptic)
What is a pathogen?
Microorganism capable of making us ill
How do bacteria harm us when entering our body? 2 points
- Reproduce rapidly and crowd out damaging surrounding cells
-release toxins that damage cells/tissues/enzymes
How do viruses harm us when entering our body?
- live and reproduce inside our body cells causing them to burst open
What are three viral diseases?
- measles
- HIV
- tobacco mosaic virus
What are two bacterial diseases?
- Salmonella
- Gonorrhoea
What is the method of spread+ symptoms+ prevention+ treatment for MEASLES? (4 points)
- spread by airborne droplets+ direct contact
- symptoms= rash, fever, pneumonia/ death (if serious)
- prevention= vaccination+ isolation of infected people
-treatment of symptoms= paracetamol for the fever
What is the method of spread, symptoms, prevention and treatment for HIV?
- spread by sexual contact+ sharing needles
- symptoms= flu based symptoms+ unable to fight off other infections
-prevention= use condom for sex
- treatment= anti retro viral drugs to stop the virus replicating
What is the method of spread, symptoms, prevention, treatment for TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS?
- spread by contact between plants+ indirect contact from humans
-symptoms= mosaic pattern on leaves+ stunted growth
-prevention= remove infected plants, wash gardening tools
-treatment= no treatment
What is the method of spread, symptoms, prevention and treatment for SALMONELLA?
- spread by contaminated food
- symptoms= sickness+ diarrhoea+ abdominal pain
- prevention= cook food thoroughly+ vaccination of chickens
-treatment= ANTIBIOTICS
What is the method of spread+ symptoms+ prevention+ treatment for gonorrhoea?
- spread by sexual contact
- symptoms= yellow discharge+ pain when urinating
- prevention= use condoms
- treatment= antibiotics
Compare the treatments of viral and bacterial infections
- bacteria= can be killed inside body using anti biotechs
- viruses= cannot be treated with anti biotic because they are inside our cells
How is virus treatment different to bacteria treatment?
Virus treatment is often just trying to ease the symptoms while the immune system works to kill the virus
