Bacteria

Question 1

Sta. aureus

Answer 1

Gram + cocci in groups
Wound infections, boil (steenpuist), sepsis
Peptidoglycan, coagulase (break fibrin fibers, disturbing migration of leukocytes), protein A (decreasing opsonization), 10 % produce superantigens (necrosis & inflammation)
Culture, gram stain

Question 2

Sta. epidermis

Answer 2

Gram + cocci in groups, coagulase -
Infections of catheters
Biofilm (adhesion)
Culture, gram stain

Question 3

Str. pyogenes

Answer 3

Gram + cocci in chains
Tonsilitis, scarlet fever, erysipelas (wondroos), otitis media, sepsis, STSS (streptococcal toxi syndrome)
Peptidoglycan, pilli, toxins
Beta hemolytic, gram +, catalase -

Question 4

Str. pneumoniae

Answer 4

Gram + diplococci, capsulated
Pneumonia starting with fever and chills, otitis media, meningitis
Pore-forming toxin, capsule
A-hemolytic, gram, culture

Question 5

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 5

Gram negative rod, capuslated
Bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis media, invasive: cellulitis
Pili, capsule
Blood culture

Question 6

Myobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 6

Acid fast staining
Tuberculosis, dyspneu, sweating at night
Granulomas, necrosis, peptidoglycan
Acid fast stain, culture, tuberculin test

Question 7

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 7

Gram negative cocci, capsulated
Meningitis
Endotoxin (LPS, LOS), antigenic variation, pilli, porins
CSF fram smeurs, culture, biopt

Question 8

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Answer 8

Gram negative cocci
Urethritis, pain and purulent discharge
Pilli, LPS, LOS
Direct graim smear (men), culture, DNA amplification methods

Question 9

Escherichia coli

Answer 9

Gram negative rod
Urinary tract infection, cystitis in women
LPS, capsule, pore-froming cytotoxin
Culture

Question 10

Salmonella

Answer 10

Intracellular
Intestinal infection, typhoid fever, food poisoning
LPS, enterotoxins, pilli
Stool and blood culture

Question 11

Vibrio cholerae

Answer 11

Gram negative curved rod
Cholera, dehydration
LPS, cholera toxin, pilli, glagella
Stool culture

Question 12

Camylobacter jejuni

Answer 12

Gram negative curved rod
Intestinal infection, diarrhea with blood and pus
Flagella
incubation on selective medium

Question 13

Clostridium Tetani

Answer 13

Gram positive rod
Muscle spasms after a wound
Spores
Not needed to do test

Question 14

Clostridium difficile

Answer 14

Gram positive rod
Antibiotic associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis
Spores, toxins
Toxins in stool, culture

Question 15

Borrelia burgorferi

Answer 15

Spirochete
Lyme disease
peptidoglycan, interference with complement deposition
Serology

Question 16

Treponema pallidum

Answer 16

Gram negative spirochete
Syfilis: painless ulcer, fever and generalized rash, chronic meningitis
Granulomas
Dark field microscopy, serology

Question 17

Myoplasma pneuomniae

Answer 17

No cell wal, membrane contains sterols
Pneumonia in younger persons
P1 protein for adherence, interferes with ciliary action
Serology

Question 18

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 18

Intracellular, no peptidoglycan layer
Urethritis
LPS, development of fibrosis
LCR, PCR

Question 19

Coxiella burnetti

Answer 19

Intracellular
Q-fever: headache and vever
LPS
Serology

Question 20

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 20

Gram negative rod (IC)
Pneumonia marked by headache, fever, chills, dry cough and chest pain
LPS, flagella
PCR