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Anatomy MSK > Back2 > Flashcards

Back2 Flashcards

1
Q

movements of the vertebral column is limited by:

A
  • Thickness, elasticity and compressibility of the IV disc
  • Shape and orientation of the facet joints and looseness of their capsule
  • Resistance of back muscles and ligaments
  • Attachment to the thoracic cage and bulkiness of the surrounding tissue
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2
Q

Movements are free at the cervical region because:

A
  • Thick IV discs relative to the thickness of vertebral bodies
  • Almost horizontally oriented articular surfaces of facet joints
  • Loose nature of the capsules of facet joints
  • Slenderness of the neck compared to the trunk
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3
Q

Slenderness of the neck compared to the trunk

A

The narrower the part of the body the more movable it is. the neck (narrow) is
a lot more movable that the thorax

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4
Q

Primary curvatures

A

Kyphotic
Concave;thoracic, sacral
During fetal development

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5
Q

Born with them Primary curvatures- because of

A

less height of the vertebral body anteriorly than posteriorly

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6
Q

Secondary curvatures

A

Lordotic
After delivery
Convex; cervical, lumbar

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7
Q

Secondary curvatures- because of

A

more height of the IV disc anteriorly than that in posteriorly

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8
Q

The curvatures provide additional——- to the vertebral column in addition to that provided by the IV discs

A

flexibility

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9
Q

Causes of abnormal curvatures:

A

Developmental or disease

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10
Q

Excessive thoracic kyphosis:

A

Humpback/hunchback- increase in thoracic curvature

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11
Q

Excessive lumbar lordosis

A

Hollow back- anterior rotation of pelvis

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12
Q

Scoliosis

A

Crooked or curved back- Lateral curvature

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13
Q

Protrusion of nucleus pulposus

Due to?

A

weak thin annulus fibrosus (AF) on the posterolateral side

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14
Q

Usually herniation occurs on the——-

Why?

A

postero-lateral side

no ligaments there!)

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15
Q

Protrusion of nucleus pulposus

Causes

A

Compress the spinal nerve roots

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16
Q

95% herniations occur in——— between either ——or——- back pain (sciatica)

A

IVD

L4-L5

L5-S1

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17
Q

As we age, the——- becomes weak,
the nucleus pulposus (NP) loses ——- and ——-and gains more———-
(dehydration of NP)

A

IVD

elastin and proteoglycan

collagen

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18
Q

dehydration of NP,
The AF starts taking more load and stress which
causes the formation of

A

cavities and fissures

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19
Q

if there is a prolapse

What seen in X-ray

A

decrease in height of IVD (intervertebral space)

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20
Q

The annulus fibrosus (AF) is ——- posteriorly than anteriorly

A

Thinner

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21
Q

Acute localized back pain is due to

A

pressure on ligaments and AF, and

inflammation

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22
Q

Chronic pain is due to——–usually a referred pain

A

nerve compression

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23
Q

Sciatica
Define?
but the symptoms (referred pain) depend upon?

A

compression of L5/S1 nerve,

the nerve compressed

24
Q

In lumbar region, the intervertebral foramina are———-, and the diameter of the spinal nerve is———

A

smaller

larger

25
Q

When an IVD prolapses, the spinal nerve numbered one——— to it is compressed

For example
L4-L5 disc prolapses, then—- nerve is compressed

A

inferior

L5

26
Q

The arteries that supply the vertebral

canal are the

A

branches of regional
arteries (vertebral, intercostal, aortic,
etc.)

27
Q

branches of regional

arteries ?

A

vertebral, intercostal, aortic,

etc.)

28
Q

The arteries give———- branches

A

periosteal, equatorial,

spinal and nutrient

29
Q

The veins of the vertebral canal

profusely anastomose and form

A

external and internal vertebral venous

plexuses

30
Q

the vertebral column is innervated by

A 
recurrent
meningeal branches (of Luschka)of spinal nerve
31
Q

Muscles of back

A

Extrinsic muscles

Intrinsic muscles-

32
Q

Extrinsic muscles

A

Superficial extrinsic muscles

Intermediate extrinsic muscles

33
Q

Superficial extrinsic muscles

A

Trapezius -
Latissimus dorsi -
Levator scapulae -
Rhomboids

34
Q

Intermediate extrinsic muscles

A
  • Serratus posterior superior

- Serratus posterior inferior

35
Q

Extrinsic muscles

Innervation

A

Innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves except trapezius

36
Q

Intrinsic muscles-deep back muscles innervated by

A

posterior primary rami

37
Q

Intrinsic muscles

Superficial layer

A

-Splenius muscles in the neck

38
Q

Intrinsic muscles

Intermediate layer

A

-Erector spinae muscles

39
Q

Intrinsic muscles-

Deep layer

A

-Transversospinales
(Semispinalis, multifidus and
rotatores)

40
Q

Intrinsic muscles-

Minor deep layer

A

Interspinales

  • Intertransversarii
  • Levatores costarum
41
Q

Superficial Intrinsic back muscles

Splenius muscles function

Acting alone:
Acting together:

A

Acting alone: lateral flexion of neck Acting together: Extension of head and neck

42
Q

Intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles: Erectror spinae
Functions:
Acting bilaterally:-
Acting unilaterally:-

A

Acting bilaterally:- Extend vertebral column and head; control movements
Acting unilaterally:-Laterally flex vertebral column

43
Q

The joint planes of facet joints in the lumbar region are———, that is why flexion and extension are possible

A

sagittal

44
Q

————prevent rotation

A

Articular processes

45
Q

Back sprain-

A

injury to ligaments due to strong stretching of the ligaments

46
Q

Back strain-

A

-Due to strong muscular contraction which results in stretching or microscopic tearing of muscle fibers (tendon) (of erector spinae)

47
Q

Muscle spasm-

A

sudden involuntary contraction of muscles in response to inflammation

48
Q

Microscopic tears in this muscle causes back pain?

A

Erector spinae

49
Q

A medical student realized that a patient can perform flexion and extension of his back more than rotation. What is the anatomical significance of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Sagittally arranged articular process

50
Q

1.What component of the spinal nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the vertebral column?

A

Posterior rami

51
Q
  • A pt with lumbar and thoracic compression fractures and kyphosis, what would have a high radiodensity in the x-ray
A

cortical rim

52
Q

Surgical incision to relieve pressure on the spinal cord

A

Lamina

53
Q

horizontal on cervical vertebra

A

Transverse process

54
Q

Radiograph showed injury of facet joint btw L3-L4, which part of L4 spinal nerve will be compressed?

A

Trunk

55
Q

A rugby player had hyperextension neck injury and there was rupture of the intervertebral disc, he felt pain on the radial side of the forearm and the thumb, what IV disc is most likely to be affected?

A

C5/C6

Anatomy MSK (10 decks)

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