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Anatomy MSK > Back1 > Flashcards

Back1 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles- superficial layers are concerned with

A

positioning and movement of the upper extremity

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2
Q

Deep muscle layers-

A

movement of vertebral

column and posture

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3
Q

convexity of vertebral column

A

lordosis

Cervical lordosis

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4
Q

concavity of vertebral column

A

kyphosis

Thoracic kyphosis

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5
Q

33 vertebrae (upper the sacrum

A

24 movable

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6
Q

Lumbosacral angle/ sacrovertebra

Angle

A

130-160 degree

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7
Q

processes of a vertebra

A

7

  • spinous Process (1)
  • transverse process(2)
  • articular process (4)
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8
Q

Function of spinous process and transverse

A

Muscle attachment and movement

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9
Q

Function of articular process

A

Restriction of movement

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10
Q

Function of vertebral arch

A

Protection of spinal cord

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11
Q

Function of vertebral body

A

Support body weight

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12
Q

Superior and inferior articular processes and their facet form

A 
Zygopophysical joint
(Facet joint)
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13
Q

Zygopophysical joint type

A

Synovial/ plane type

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14
Q

Intervertebral disc number

A

23 disc
C(6)
T(12)
L(5)

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15
Q

Intervertebral disc type

A 
Fibrous cartilage (secondary)
Symphysis
Hold vertebrae together 
Shock absorber 
amphiarthrosis = slightly movable joint
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16
Q

nucleus pulposus is———— and is derived from the————

A

avascular

notochord

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17
Q

At birth, the nuclei pulposus contains ————and the disc is more————

A

80% water

cartilaginous

18
Q

With age, the nuclei pulposus

A

dehydrate,
lose elastin and proteoglycans,
gain collagen and
become granular-become tougher

19
Q

The lamellae of the annulus——— with age and develop fissures and cavities

A

Thickens

20
Q

The lamellae are ———— on the posterior side than on other sides, therefore, the annulus weakens on the posterior side and the nucleus———-
leading to————

A
  • less (thinner)
  • herniates
  • compression of nerves.
21
Q

Outer compact bone for support———- covered by ———-

A

Annular epiphyses

Endplates(hyaline cartilage super+infer)

22
Q

Thickening of ligamentum flavor will result in

A

Spinal stenosis

23
Q

Weakest trabeculuae

A

Horizontal in spongy bone

24
Q

Structural changes in vertabrea due to osteoporosis

A

-Affects mainly vertebral bodies, -
vertical striping is seen due to collapse of horizontal trabeculae
-Reduced radio-density
-Thinned cortical bone-prominent
-compression fracture=collapse of the bodies
-increase thoracic kyphosis

25
Q

Compression of cervical vertebra

Body;

A
  • Rectangular
  • Concave superiorly
  • Convex inferiorly
26
Q

Compression of cervical vertebra

Transverse process;

A
  • Perforated TPs
  • forming Foramen
    Transversarium
    (vertebral artery
    passes through)
27
Q

Compression of cervical vertebra

Articular processes:

A

Oblique = flat plane

* Vertebrae can move forward

28
Q

Compression of thoracic vertebra

Body;

A

Heart-shaped

29
Q

Compression of thoracic vertebra

Transverse processes:

A
  • long, strong & postecrolateral
  • Costal facets = articulates with
    the ribs
30
Q

Compression of thoracic vertebra

Articular processes:

A

Vertical facets = prevents movements

31
Q

Compression of lumbar vertebra

Body

A

kidney - shaped

32
Q

Compression of lumbar vertebra

2.Transverse processes:

A

long, slender, & lateral

33
Q

Compression of lumbar vertebra

Articular processes:

A

Vertical = prevents movement

34
Q

Vertebral artery passes through————- of all cervical vertebrae except that of

A

foramina transversaria

C7

35
Q

rupture of transverse ligament of atlas, dens——— ,atlas———-

A

stays stationary,

moves anteriorly

36
Q

Fracture of dens of axis

The dens and atlas—-

A

Move anteriorly with ligament

37
Q

Forward pushing neck injuries causes

A

Facet jumping ( spondylolisthesis last stage)

38
Q

Jefferson fracture causes

A

Burst
-Vertical forces exerting on head (as if the head hit the bottom of a swimming pool-diving) put pressure on lateral masses of C1

39
Q

Vertical forces exerting on head

A
  • Jefferson fracture (Anterior arch and posterior arch fracture, and sometimes transverse ligament ruptures )
  • Lateral mass get squeezed laterally as the lateral part of the mass is taller
40
Q

Fracture dislocation of axis

A

Hangman’s fracture

Anatomy MSK (10 decks)

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