Ankle Joint

Question 1

Ankle joint also known as

Answer 1

talocrural joint.

Question 2

Ankle joint formed between 3bones

Answer 2

Fibula
Tibia
Talus

Question 3

Ankle joint type

Answer 3

Synovial joint of hinge variety.

Question 4

Ankle joint articulation

Answer 4

inf ends of tibia & fibula, which form a deep socket, articulate with trochlea of talus lat malleolus of fibula with lat surface of talus med malleolus of tibia with med surface of talus

Question 5

FIBROUS CAPSULE

is attached to the articular margins of
all 3 bones (except ?

Answer 5

anterior part of
the talus where it is attached some
distance in front of the articular
margin).

Question 6

FIBROUS CAPSULE
Attachments
*superior

Answer 6

borders of articular surfaces

of tibia & malleolus

Question 7

FIBROUS CAPSULE
Attachments
*inferi

Answer 7

talus thickened at sides to

prevent rocking movements

Question 8

Strong during ———-

WHY.

Answer 8

dorsiflexion
-supported by strong lig
- crossed by tendons
- talus fills socket btw med &
lat malleoli

Question 9

Weak during .———

WHY?

Answer 9

plantarflexion

-because the ligs are less taut

Question 10

Ligaments on medial side

Answer 10

Med. (deltoid) lig
= post tibiotalar part → talus
= tibionavicular part → navicular*
= tibiocalcanean part → calcaneus

Question 11

Lateral lig mention

And all of them arise from ?

Answer 11

3 parts;

1. Ant talofibular lig = from lat malleolus to talus
2. Calcaneofibular lig = from lat malleolus to
   calcaneus
3. Post talofibular lig = from lat malleolus to post
   tubercle of talus

-lateral malleolus.

Question 12

Deltoid ligaments(medial lig.) Triangular in shape; the apex is attached to the——————
the base is attached to:

Answer 12

-medial malleolus;
Base;
-medial tubercle of talus
-sustanticular tali 
-spring lig (plantar calcaneonavicular lig)
-tuberosity of the navicular bone

Question 13

Posterior talofibular ligament (whose lower border

is called.

Answer 13

inferior transverse ligament)

Question 14

Function of med(deltoid ) lig?

Answer 14

• attach med malleolus to talus
• strengthen ankle joint
• hold calcaneus & navicular bone to talus

Question 15

Function lateral lig?

Answer 15

attach lat malleolus to talus &

calcaneus

Question 16

Nerves of ankle joint

Answer 16

1) Tibial nerve

2) deep peroneal

Question 17

Blood supply

Answer 17

malleolar branch of

1) Fibular art
2) Ant & Post tibial

Question 18

Anterior structures

Answer 18

Related to structures passing deep to the *extensor retinaculum
1) Tendon of tibialis anterior 
2) Extensor hallucis longus
3) Anterior tibial artery
4) Deep peroneal nerve
5) Tendon of extensor
digitorum longus and
6) Tendon of peroneus
tertius.

Question 19

Postefomedially structures

Answer 19

related to all the structures passing
deep to flexor retinaculum,
namely:
1) Tendon of tibialis posterior
2) Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
3) Posterior tibial artery
4) Tibial nerve
4) Tendon of flexor hallucis
longus.

Question 20

Posterolaterally

Answer 20

related to structures passing deep to the peroneal retinaculum; namely:
Peroneus longus;
Peroneus brevis muscles.

Question 21

Eversion and inversion of the foot occur at———— and

Answer 21

• subtalar joint

- mid (transverse) tarsal joints.

Question 22

Subtalar joint located

Answer 22

Between talus and calcaneus

Talocalcaneum

Question 23

Midtarsal joints

Answer 23

1) between talus and naviculum (Talocalcaneonavicular)

2) between calcaneus and cuboid (Calcaneocuboid)

Question 24

Subtalar and midtarsal joint movement and type

Answer 24

gliding and rotary(version and inversion)

*All synovial plane joints

Question 25

Sprained ankle type of injury

Answer 25

inversion injury

Question 26

Sprained ankle damaged ligaments in—— ligaments

Answer 26

lateral | 1)anterior talofibular ligaments and 2)calcaneofibular ligaments

Question 27

Pott's fracture

Answer 27

Dislocation of the ankle occurs when the foot is forcibly everted.

Question 28

ARCHES

Answer 28

❑ Medial longitudinal arch: ❑ Lateral longitudinal arch: ❑ Transverse arch:

Question 29

BONES OF THE ARCHES | 1) Medial longitudinal arch:

Answer 29

``` Calcaneum, talus, navicular bone, 3 cuneiforms, medial 3 metatarsals bones. ```

Question 30

BONES OF THE ARCHES | 2)Lateral longitudinal arch:

Answer 30

Calcaneum, cuboid, later 2metatarsals bones.

Question 31

BONES OF THE ARCHES | 3)Transverse arch:

Answer 31

bases of metatarsal bones, cuboid, 3 cuneiform bones

Question 32

Functions of the Arches

Answer 32

1. Weight bearing | 2. Assist in locomotion

Question 33

collapse of arches

Answer 33

flat foot

Question 34

How are the Arches of the Foot Supported?

Answer 34

1-Shape of the bones 2- Intersegmental ties which must be particularly strong on the inf surface Ligaments ``` 3- tie beams connecting both ends of the arch Plantar Fascia (Plantar Aponeurosis) ``` 4- Suspension of the arch(Tendons)

Question 35

Shape of the bones

Answer 35

• Bones are wedge-shaped and interlock

Question 36

Intersegmental ties which must be particularly strong on the inf surface Ligaments – There are three kinds of ligaments that do this:

Answer 36

A. Long Plantar Ligaments B. Short Plantar Ligaments C. Spring ligaments

Question 37

Long Plantar Ligaments a. Maintain the———- arch b. Major point of attachment is to the———bone c. Also attach by fibers to———- and ———

Answer 37

lateral cuboid calcaneus and lateral 3 metatarsals

Question 38

``` Short Plantar Ligaments a. Maintain the——— arch b. Run deep to——- c. Attach to———— Called? ```

Answer 38

lateral long plantar ligaments cuboid bone and calcaneus Plantar calcaneocuboid

Question 39

Spring ligaments a. Support the——— arch b. Helps medial arch———when weight is taken off the arch (i.e. returns absorbed energy to arch) c. Attaches to——— and ——- d. Should be called ?

Answer 39

medial swing back to normal height calcaneus and navicular Plantar Calcaneal Navicular Ligament

Question 40

Plantar Fascia (Plantar Aponeurosis) support the———arches of the foot runs from——— →———

Answer 40

medial/longitudinal calcaneus- toes

Question 41

Tendons of muscles that attach in foot Examples of tendons and muscles that RUN LONGITUDINALLY to support medial longitudinal arch:

Answer 41

Abductor hallucis muscle: acts as a spring to support medial longitudinal arch; attaches to calcaneus and first phalanx Abductor digiti minimi: supports lateral arch of foot