Back Osteology Flashcards
Describe a Jefferson fracture, which can occur from a blow to the top of a head?
- vertebrae affected
- characterization of damage
Fracture of one or both of the posterior and anterior arches of the atlas (C1)
NOTE: Does not typically injure the spinal cord unless the transverse ligament is ruptured causing the odontoid process to injure the spinal cor
What are the 2 places where the axis (C2) is most susceptible to injury?
How are those two locations usually fractured?
A fracture at which of those two locations is considered a “Hangman’s fracture”?
Odontoid process
- occurs after a horizontal blow to the head
- will not heal if it breaks at the base, as the transverse ligament will hold it away from blood supply
Vertebral arch
- occurs from hyperextension of the head on the neck
- associated with hangman’s fracture
What is the only vertebrae that has no body on its structure?
Atlas (C1)
Explain why the cervical vertebrae require less force to dislocate than other vertebrae?
A. Articulating facets are more vertical
B. Articular facets are more horizontal
C. Larger vertebral foramen
D. None of the above
Articular facets are more horizontal
tubercle on the neck attaches to transverse facet of the number of its rib
Rib 5 attaches to T4 and T5
- rib 5 attach to inferior facet of T4 and superior facet of T5
Why is it that dislocation of cervical vertebrae does not usually result in injury to the spinal cord?
A. Articulating facets are more vertical
B. Articular facets are more horizontal
C. Larger vertebral foramen
D. None of the above
Larger vertebral foramen
Where can you insert the needle on the lumbar spine? Why are those 2 levels chosen?
Between L3 and L4
Between L4 and L5
Chosen to avoid puncturing the spinal cord
Spondylosis vs. spondylolysis vs spondylolisthesis
Spondylosis
- degenerative disease where calcification causes localized pain and stiffness
Spondylolysis
- separation of vertebrae arch from the vertebrae body
- Scotty dog fracture
Spondylolisthesis
- anterior displacement of vertebral body and inferior vertebral segment
- can occur as a result of spondylolysis
Describe how ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae using the following terms:
- Superior Costal Facet
- Inferior Costal Facet
- Rib
- Tubercle
Head of each rib articulates with the inferior costal facet of the above vertebrae
- EXAMPLE: The head of rib 5 articulates with T4’s inferior costal facet
The tubercle of the rib articulates with the same number vertebrae’s superior costal facet
- EXAMPLE: Tubercle of rib 5 articulates with T5
Describe the difference between sacralization and lumbarization
Sacralization is when the L5 fuses to the sacrum
Lumbarization is the seperation of the S1 vertebra from the sacrum and instead to the lumbar
Name the two vertebral columns that exhibit lordosis or concave shape?
Cervical
Lumbar
Describe the skeletal muscle architecture. Start from the myofribril and continue outward
Myofibril + Endoymesium= muscle fiber
Muscle fiber + perimysium= fascicles
Fascicles + Epimysium = muscle
Which Cervical vertebrae transmit the vertebral Artery?
Which cervical vertebrae are considered typical?
C1-C6
C3-C6
Spina bifida occulta commonly occurs at what vertebral location?
L5/S1
Lumbar puncture most often occurs at vertebrae ________ but can also occur at ________. This is due to the spinal cord proper ending at _______.
Lumbar puncture most often occurs at vertebrae ___L4/L5_____ but can also occur at ____L3/L4____. This is due to the spinal cord proper ending at ___L____.
