Back Muscles Flashcards
Trapezius
O: Upper– External occipital protuberlance,. nuchal line, nucha ligaments, Sps C2-C7 Middle -Sps T1-T6
Lower- Sps- T7-T12
I: Spine of the scapula, acromion, lateral 3rd of the clavicle
A: Upper: Elevates scapula, Middle: Retracts scapula, Lower: Scapular depression or posterior scapular tilt
N: Spinal Accessory Nerve
Rhomboids Major and Minor
O- Major in Sps T2-T5, Minor C7-T1
I- Major: medial scapular border in the inferior angle of scapula
Minor: Root of the spine of the scapula and medial border of the scapula
Action: Retracts, Adducts and downward rotation of the scapula
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Levator Scapula
O: TVPs C1-C4
I: Superior angle of the scapula
A: Ipsilateral cervical flexion, scapular elevation, rotates the superior angle medially and inferior
N: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Latissimus Dorsi
O: SPs of T7-T12, Last 4 ribs, thoraco-lumbar fascia, posterior iliac crest and inferior angle of the scapula
I: Medial lip of bicipital groove, lesser tubercle of humerus
A: Hip Stability, Extension, Adduction, medial rotation of humerus and tensions thoracolumbar fascia
N: Thoracodorsal Nerve
Serratus Posterior Superior
O- Ligamentum nuchae, Sps C7-T1 and 2
I- Ribs 2-4
A- Elevates upper ribs (2-4 predominantly) in inspiration
N- Intercostal Nerves 1-4
Serratus Posterior Inferior
O- SPs T11-12 and L1-2
I- Ribs 8-12
A- Depress lower ribs (2-4 predominantly) in expiration
N- Intercostal Nerves 9-11
Splenius Capitis
O- Ligamentum nuchae, SPs C7, T1-3
I- Lateral aspect of superior nuchal line, mastoid process
A- Extends head and neck (bilateral) and ipsilateral flexion and rotation (unilateral)
N- Dorsi Rami of C3-4
Splenius Cervicis
O- SPs T3-T6, Supraspinous ligament (at same level)
I- Posterior Tubercles of TVPs C1-C3
A- Extends head and neck (bilateral) and ipsilateral flexion and rotation (unilateral)
N- Dorsal Rami C5-6
Iliocostalis Group
O- Lumborum: Iliac crest, sacrum, Sps T11- L5, T-L fascia
Thoracis: Inferior 6 ribs
Cervicis: Ribs 3-6
I- Lumborum: Lower 6 ribs
Thoracis: Upper 6 ribs
Cervicis: TVPs C4-C6
A- Lumborum: Extends lumbar spine, ipsilateral flexion
Thoracis: Maintains upright posture
Cervicis: Extends cervical spine, ipsilateral cervical flexion
N- Lumborum- Dorsi Rami T11-L5
Thoracis- Dorsi Rami on the entire thoracic region
Cervicis- Dorsi Rami C6-C7
Longissimus Group
O- Thoracis: TVPs and SPs of lumbar spine, sacrum and iliac crest
Cervicis: TVPs of T1-T5
Capitis: TVPs of T1-T5, articular processes of C4-7
I- Thoracis- SPs of upper thoracic vertebrae
Cervicis- SPs of cervical vertebrae
Capitis- Between the inferior and superior nuchal lines
A- Thoracis- Extension of the vertebral column
Cervicis- Extension of the vertebral column
Capitis- Extends the head
N- All of them have Dorsal Rami (segmentally)
Spinalis Group
O- Thoracis- SPs of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
Cervicis- SPs of thoracic vertebrae
Capitis- SPs of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
I- Thoracis- SPs of upper thoracic vertebrae
Cervicis- SPs of cervical vertebrae
Capitis- Between the inferior and superior nuchal lines
A- Thoracis- Extension of the vertebral column
Cervicis- Extension of the vertebral column
Capitis- Extension of the head
N-All have Dorsal Rami (segmentally)
Semispinalis
O- Thoracis- TVPs T6-T10
Cervicis- TVPs of upper thoracic vertebrae
Capitis- TVPs of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
I- Thoracis- SPs C6-C7 and T1-T4
Cervicis- SPs of upper cervical vertebrae
Capitis: Between inferior and superior nuchal line
A- Thoracis and Cervicis: Extend the vertebral column and contralateral rotation
Capitis: Strong Extensors, weak ipsilateral rotation
N: All of them have Dorsal Rami (segmentally)
Multifidi
O- Posterior surface of the sacrum, TVPs lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae
I- SPs 2-4 segments above origin
A- Segmental extension and contralateral rotation
N- Dorsal Rami (segmental)
Rotatores
O- TVP of one vertebrae I-Brevis: Laminae of vertebrae above origin Longus: SPs of 2 segments above origin A- Segmental contra-lateral rotation N- Dorsal Rami (segmental)
Levator Costarum
O- Tip of TVPs of C7, T1-T11
I- Rib below (fibres run inferior and lateral)
A- Raise the rib segmentally and involved in inspiration
N- Posterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves (segmental)
Interspinales
O- SP below
I-SP above
A- Segmental spinal extension
N- Dorsal Rami (Segmental)
Intertransversereii
O- TVP below
I- TVP above
A- Segmental ipsilateral flexion
N- Dorsal Rami (Segmental)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
O- Posterior tubercle of the atlas
I- Medial aspect of inferior nuchal line, spinal dura
A- Extends the head
N- Suboccipital Nerve
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
O- SP C2
I- Lateral half of inferior nuchal line
A- Extends the head and ipsilateral function
N- Suboccipital Nerve
Superior Oblique Capitis
O- TVP C1 (atlas)
I- Occiput btwn superior and inferior nuchal line
A- extends the head (bilateral) and ipsilateral flexion (unilateral)
N- Suboccipital nerve
Inferior Oblique Capitis
O- SP C2
I- TVP C1
A- Ipsilateral rotation of C2
N- Suboccipital Nerve
