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Basics from B-Pages/Notes > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

What arteries supply the spinal cord?

A

Descending Aorta –> Posterior intercostal –> Dorsal branch (spinal and musculocutaenous)

Abdominal Aorta –> Lumbar –> Dorsal Branch (spinal and musculocutaneous

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2
Q

What is number 5?

A

Posterior intercostal artery of spine

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3
Q

Where is the posterior intercostal artery?

A

5

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4
Q

What is number 4?

A

Dorsal branch of the posterior intercostal artery

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5
Q

Where is the dorsal branch of the posterior intercostal artery?

A

Number 4

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6
Q

What are numbers 1 and 2?

A

Anterior and posterior spinal branches?

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7
Q

What are the attachments to the vertebral body?

A

Anterior and posterioer longitudal ligaments

psoas muscle

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8
Q

Where are the costal facets located?

A

laterally on the verebral body

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9
Q

what is the function of the costal facet?

A

articulate with the head of the rib

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10
Q

what is the function of the vertebral foramen and canal?

A

houses spinal cord

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11
Q

Where is the vertebral notch?

A

Number 7

Inferior vertebral notch

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12
Q

What is function of the the intervertebral foramen?

Where is it?

A

Between the superir and inferior vertebral notches

transmists spinal and radicular nerves

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13
Q

What composes the nuearal arch?

A

Pedicile, Lamina, Spinous Process

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14
Q

Where is the transverse process?

A

4

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15
Q

What attaches to the transverse process?

A

erector spinae, psoas (lumbar), transversospinalis, leveator scapulae muscle

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16
Q

What facet is located on the trasverse process? What is its function?

A

Costotubular facet

articulates with rib

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17
Q

What is number 10?

What is number 8?

what is the function?

A

superior costal facet

Inferior costal facet

articualtes with adjacent vertebral surface to form zyphophyseal joint

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18
Q

What is the attachments on the lamina?

A

ligamentutum flava on internal vertebral canal

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19
Q

What attaches to spinous process?

A

trapezius, rhomboids, lattissimus dorsi, spinalis, erector spinae, transversospinalis (m)

interspinous, nuchal, and supraspinous ligaments

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20
Q

What are the caracteristics of cervical vertabre?

A

Transverse foramina which allow transmision of artery up to the skull

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21
Q

what is caracteristic of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

costal facets, place of articulation for head and tubercle of rib

Head - superior costal facet

tubercle - transverse costal fact

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22
Q

What is characteristic of the lumbar vertebrate?

A

Mammillary Processes

Allow attachment of multifitus muscles

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23
Q

What happens with advancing age of the spinal column?

A

Decreased bone density of tribecular done

arcitular surfaces bow inward

compression at periphery

osteophytes form (growths) to limit range of moton

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24
Q

Who many vertebrae are there?

A

7 Cervical

12 Thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral *fused

4 coccygeal *fuse

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25
Kyphosis
Anerior curve. opens to front Throacic and sacral regions (primary curvature\_
26
Lordosis
posterior curve (opens towards back) secondary curvature cervical and lumbar
27
Excessive kyphosis
thoracic spine has change in bone density to curve more anteriorly. Seen in geriatric population Dowagers hump or humpback
28
Excessive lordosis
exessive posterior curvature in the lumbar region. Found in gymnasts and American American women Called Sway back
29
What the function of the sacrum?
forms posterior aspect of pelvis provides stability and strength to pevic architecture
30
What is represened by the area ecompassing 1 and 4? What is the function?
Sacral Base Articulates with 5th lumbar vertebrae
31
What is number 5? What is the attachments?
Promotory anterior longitudinal ligmant
32
Where is the promotory?
5
33
What is 2?
Ala (wing)
34
where is the pelvic surface? What are the attachments?
ventral surface of the sacrum piriformis m
35
Where are the pelvic sacral faramina? Function?
6 transmit ventral rami of sacral nerves and lateral sacral arteries
36
Where is the dorsal surface? Attachments
Ventral side of sacrum erector spinae, gluteus maxiumus m. sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
37
What are number 11? Function?
Dorsal sacral foramina transmit dorsal rami of sacral nerves
38
What is it called when the sacrum and coccyx articulate?
Apex
39
Where is the sacral canal? What is the function?
just below dorsal surface houses sacral spinal roots
40
What are 4? what is 1?
superior articular process (articualates with inferior articular process of lumbar vertebrae) lumbosacral articular process (articulates with intervertebral disc)
41
What is number 3? attachments
Coccyx coccygeus muscle of trunk
42
what articulates with costal facet of vertebral body?
head of rib
43
what attaches to shaft of rib?
pectoralis minor (3-5) serratus anterior m.
44
what attaches to angle of rib?
erector spinae (iliocostalis)
45
what articulates with the traverse process of the vertebrae?
articular facet on rib tubercle
46
where does the articular facet of rib articulate?
transverse process of thoracic vertebrae
47
What is the fascia on the back?
thoracolumbar fascia
48
what does the posterior theracolumbar fascia attach to? what does it pass posterior to?
spinous process erector spinae to fuse with middle layer
49
What does the middle thoracolumar fascia attach? what does it pass posterior to?
transverse process quadratus lumborum m.
50
what does the anterior throacolumbar fascia attach to? What is it anterior to?
transverse process quadratus lumborum to fuse with middle layer to form aponeurotic origin of transversus abdominis muscle
51
What are the two major joints in the spine?
Zygapophysial facets intervertebral symphysis
52
What is the intervertebral joint?
Joint between adjacent vertebral bodies that are separated by an intervertebral disc. on either side of disc is the hyaline cartilage plate Classification: symphysis movements: flexion and extension, lateral flexion, rotation
53
What is the intervertebral disc?
composed of two elements: anulus fibrosus, exterior of very dense cartilage. nucleus pulposus: interior, soft mucoid gel that becomes more fibrocartilaginous with age.
54
What happens with a bulging disc?
nucleus pulposus migrates posterior laterally to pus anulus fibrousis outside vertebral column and imoinge on the spinal cord
55
what happens with a herniated disc?
nucleus polpolsus escapes from the confines of the anulus fibrosis
56
What direction does a herniated or buldging disc occur in?
posterolateral due to the posterior longitudinal ligamet
57
What is the zygapophyseal joint?
joint between the superior and inferior articular processes of vertebral column classification - synovial plane movements: flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
58
What is number 1? Attachements: Function:
anterior longitudinal ligament to anterior surface of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs stablizes vertebral column and prevents hyperextension
59
What is number 3? attachments: function:
Posterior longitudinal ligament posterior surface of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs frevents hyperflexion
60
What is 8? attachments
Ligamentum flavum interconnect adjacent laminae
61
what is number 6? attachments
supraspinous apices of spinous process c7 to sacrum
62
What is number 7? attachments:
interspinous interconnect adjacent spinous processes
63
what is ligamentum nuchae?
ligament attaching from c7 spinous process to external occipital protuberance
64
What ligament extends above c7?
ligamentum flavum
65
What is the function of the ventral root?
carries axons from Lower motor neurons to skeletal muscle innervation preganglionic sympathetic neurons (ventral roots T1-L2) preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurons S2-4
66
What is the function of the dorsal root?
carries axons from primary sensory nuerons innervating skin, fascia, joints, muscles, bones, blood vessels, and viscera
67
Dorsal root ganglion
houses cell bodies of pimary sensory nuerons
68
ventral ramus
carries axons from primary sensory nuerons, LMN, and PostG sympathetic nuerons innervating anterior neck, thoracic wall, abdominal wall, pelvic wall, and extremities
69
dorsal ramus
carries axons from PSN, LMN, PostG sympathetic to innervate posterior neck and back (skin, fascia, muscles, ligaments, joints, bones, vessels)
70
What are the surface features of the spinal cord?
cervical enlargement lumbar enlargement conus medullaris
71
Where does the spinal cord start and end?
foramen magnum to L2 at conus medullaris
72
What is the cauda equina?
roots of the dorsal and ventral spinal nerves below L2-coccygeal nerve site of lumbar puncture
73
How many nerves are there? How are they named?
C8, T12,L5, S5, Coccygeal 1 Cervical: number correspons to inferor number of vertebra name. C6: exits through C5-6 foramen The rest are named according to the superior vertebra name T11 nerve exits thorugh T11-12
74
What makes up the meninges?
Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater
75
Dura mater
though ribrous, connective tissue covering outtermost layer of spinal cord anchored to coccyx by filum terminale can spread disease longitudinally
76
Arachnoid mater
delicate, avascular membrane of fiberous and elastic tissues that lines spinal cord, roots, and spinal ganglioin. separated from pia by subarachnoid space containg CSF
77
pia mater
innermost covering membrane thin, transparent, follows spinal cord, roots of spinal nerves, blood vessles. Contains dentricate ligaments
78
dentricate ligaments
suspend spinal cord ind ural sac. Sheats of fibrous pia that extend between anterior and posterioer nerve roots
79
what is lumbar spinal stenosis?
narrowing of vertebral canal, most common in lumbar region, to compress spinal nerve roots symptoms occurs often on one side (sensory or motor) numbness, cramping, pain in back, butt, thighs, or claves. weakness in lower extremity
80
what is done to help with spinal stenosis?
laminectomy - excision of spinous process to relieve pressure on cord and nerve roots
81
Cervical zygapophysical joint
slope ineriogly from ant to post at 45° good at flexion and extension, axial rotation, okay at lateral flexion
82
Throacic Zygapophysical joints
slope vertically from ant to post at 60° limit flexion and extenion, faciliate rotation
83
lumbar zygapophysial joints
curved in medial lateral positon flexion and extsion high, limit all other movement
84
what areas are best for felxion and extension of back?
Cervical \> Lumbar \> thoracic
85
What area is best for rotation?
Cervical \> Thoracic \> lumbar
86
Wjhat area is best for lateral flexion?
Cervical \> Lumar ~= Thoracic
87
What are the dep muscles of the back?
Erector Spinae Transversospinalis
88
What are the three subtypes of the erector spinae?
Spinalis Logissimus iliocostalis
89
Erector spinae attachments
from scarum, lumbar and thorascic supraspinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, to" costal angles (iliocostalis) ribs and transver processes (longissimus) Spinous processes (spinalis)
90
Erector spinae Action Innervation Blood supply
Action: extension and lateral flexion Innervation: drosal rami of spinal nerve BS: dorsal branches of interconstal, subcostal, lumbar, and lateral sacral arteries
91
What are the subsets of transersospinalis?
Semispinalis Multifudus Rotatores
92
Semispinalis Attachments
from transver process to DISTANT superior spinous process
93
Semispinalis Action IN: BS:
ACtion: extnesion, contralateral rotation IN: dorsal vami of spinal nerves BS: Dorsal braches of intercostal and lumbar
94
Multifidus and Rotatores Attachments
From transverse process to superior spinous process Multifidus is longer than rotatores
95
Multifidus and rotatores ACT IN BS
ACT: stabalizes vertebrae, assist in extnsion and rotation IN: Dorsal rami of spinal nerve BS: dorsal branches of intercosal and lumbar
96
Arrange the subtypes of the erector spinae muscles.
Medial: Spinalis Int: Longissimus Lat: iliocostalis
97
What is 1/2? What is 5/4? What is 7/6?
1/2: Rotatores 5/4: maltifidus 7/6: semispinalis
98
What type of muscle does the rotatores, multifidus, and semispinalis make up?
transversospinalis
99
What is the venous system like in the back?
a valvelss azygos system

Basics from B-Pages/Notes (11 decks)

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