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Microbiology CT 4 > Bacillaceae > Flashcards

Bacillaceae Flashcards

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1
Q

Special staining method for Bacillus

A

Wirtz-Conclin (spores)
Giemsa-Romanovsky for capsule

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2
Q

Patogenicity of Bacillus

A

Most are saprophytes with no pathogenic potential
Produce highly resistant endospore

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3
Q

Most important pathogenin bacillus for animal and man

A

Bacillus anthracis

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4
Q

Pathogenic Bacillus for insects (4)

A

Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus pupillae
Bacillus larvae
Bacillus alvei

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5
Q

Tyzzer’s disease in rodents is caused by

A

Bacillus piliformis

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6
Q

Which Bacillus are facultative pathogens?

A

Bacillus cereus
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus licheniformis

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7
Q

Which applications are Bacillus produced for?

A

Medical
Agricultural
Pharmaceutical
Enzymes, antibiotics and other metabolites

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8
Q

Which antibiotics may be produced by Bacillus?

A

Bacitracin (Bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis)
Polymyxin (Bacillus polymyxa)
Gramicidin (Bacillus brevis)

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9
Q

What does Bacillus Anthracis cause and in which animals?

A

Fatal peracute or acute septicaemic antrax in cattle and sheep

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10
Q

What does Bacillus larvae cause and in which species?

A

American foulbrood in bees

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11
Q

What is an endospore?

A

Endospore is a resistant structure formed by Gram + bacteria (in dormant stage)

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12
Q

What is the function of the endospore?

A

Ensure survival of bacterium through periods of environmental stress.

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13
Q

What causes antrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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14
Q

Virulent strain of Bacillus

A

Bac. anthracis.
Capsule composed of poly-D-glutamic acid and plasmid-encoded tripartite protein toxin

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15
Q

The tripartite protein toxin in Bac. anthracis consists of?

A

3 antigen components:
Factor I - oedema
Factor II - protective and
Factor III - lethal

They act synergistically

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16
Q

What forms of antrax is known in man? (3)

A

Cutaneus form
Pulmonary form
Gastrointestinal form

17
Q

Characterize Bacillus Cereus

A

Saprophyte
Facultative pathogen
Cause: septicaemia, meningitis, respiratory tract infections, myonecrosis and food poisoning.
TL toxin –> diarrheal syndrome (meat, milk products, cereals)
TS toxin –> emetic syndrome (cooked or boiled rice)

18
Q

Characterize Bacillus Thuringiensis

A

Pathogen of larvae - crop protection against harmful insects
Produce protein crystals (protoxin) - delta-endotoxin.
Used in commercial insecticides.

19
Q

Microscopical examination of Bacillus

A

Gram +
Motile (except Bac. Anthracis)
Large rods
Cells occur singly in pairs or long chains

20
Q

Bac. Anthracis and Bac. Cereus growth under aerophilic conditions

A

R form
Bac. anthracis - no capsule - weak virulence

21
Q

Bac. Anthracis under microaerophilic conditions

A

S form
Capsule
Fully virulent

22
Q

Cultivation properties of Bacillus

A

Aerobic or microaerophilic
37 degrees C (10-45C, 25-40C for pathogenic)
24-48 hours

23
Q

Bacillus on meat-peptone-broth

A

Sediment

24
Q

Bacillus on meat-peptone-agar (7)

A

R form
Large
Flat, dry
Greyish colonies
Curled outgrowths (Medusa’s head)

25
Q

Bacillus on blood agar

A

R form
B. anthracis - no haemolysis
B. cereus - b-hemolysis

26
Q

Special agar for Bacillus

A

Nutrient agar with 0.7% NaHCO3.
In microaerophilic conditions bacillus anthracis grows in S/M form and produce a capsule

27
Q

Bacillus reaction for catalase and oxidase

A

Catalase +, oxidase -

28
Q

Lectinase activity of bacillus on egg yolk agar

A

Bac. anthracis - weak opaque zone
Bac. cereus - strong

29
Q

Bacillus reaction on gelatine

A

Bac. anthracis - inverted
Others - strong

30
Q

Serology of Bacillus (3)

A

Somatic O antigen
Capsular K antigen
Anthrax toxin - protective antigen

31
Q

Which special reaction is for Bac. anthracis?

A

Ascoli’s thermoprecipitation reaction - antiserum against Bac. anthracis

32
Q

Special examination methods for Bacillus

A

Susceptibility to penicillin (Bac. anthracis is sensitive)
Jensen-Kleenmayer’s test (pearl test, Bac. anthracis on blood agar with PNC –> looses cell wall –> protoplast arranged in chains)
DNA methods

33
Q

Characterize Bacillus Anthracis

A

Non-motile
No haemolysis
Sensitive to penicillin
Weak and slow lectinase activity on egg yolk
Lysis on gamma phage
Causes death within 24-48 hours
Capsule +
Ascoli reaction +
Pearl test +

34
Q

Characterize Bacillus Cereus

A

Motile
Haemolysis
Resistant to penicillin
Strong and rapid lecithinase activity on egg yolk
Lysis on gamma phage is rare
No effect on animals
Capsule -
Ascoli -
Pearl test -

Microbiology CT 4 (6 decks)

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