Baby And Young Child Development Flashcards
How many bones does a baby have at birth
300 bones but as they fused together by Adulthood that are 206
How many columns does the vertebral have at birth
Two primary curves
How many curves does the vertebral have at adolescence and what are they
Four
Cervical
Thoracic
Lambda
Sacral
At what age do the facial sinuses reach the same size as an adult
Between the age of 10 to 12 years
At what age does the anterior fontanelle close
By 18 months
At what age do the skull bones fully fuse in an infant
By the age of 2
At what age can a baby raise the chest and head
Around three months
At what age can a baby sit unsupported
Buy 6 to 8 months for a limited time
What is the top layer of skin called
The epidermis
The vestibular system is about balance true or false
True
Response to the position of the head in relation to gravity
Relates to movement in balance
Activates the protective reflexes
Voluntary control of the head
At six to eight months gives the balance and strength to sit
The cerebellum integrate the vestibular system with Vision and touch
Developed a sense of Direction depth and space
Is involved in the preparation of upright positions
What are the four development steps for general function in babies
Movement
Touch
Sight
Hearing is 4th
What is the swimming amphibian reflex
It causes the legs arms and torso of newborns to moving spots that can propel them through the water for a metre or so and this often gives the illusion of swimming
What is the righting reflex
This is when a baby of 4 or 5 months will try to lift the head to an upright position when placed on the back this may also happen when laying babies on their front.
What is the reflexive holding of the breath
This is stimulated when a baby’s face goes into water it causes changes in the distribution of circulating blood to conserve oxygen and utilise it more efficiently.
What is the gag reflex
The gag reflex causes an involuntary spasm of the glottis and epiglottis preventing water from entering the trachea.
The gag reflex blocks the trachea but does not close off the oesophagus that leads to the stomach if a baby’s mouth is open on immersion water enters the mouth and they could swallow it.
What is the babkin reflex
When a baby’s hand is held in a certain swimming position on the palm of the hands baby’s mouth will open.
What is hyponatremia
Water in a baby’s stomach
What are the symptoms and signs of hyponatremia
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of energy
Frequent urination
Unconsciousness
What is the blinking reflex
This offers protection against the wind and strong sunshine this remains throughout life.
If babies do not blink as they enter the water then the gag reflex is present.
Adults need to see a blink response as a sign of inhalation just before submersion
Newborn to about 6 months will suck in at the cheeks.
What is the Moro/ startle reflex
This will cause a child to throw their arms outwards and their head back and sudden movement, slight trembling and distressed crying.
What is the Moro startle reflex a sign off
The baby is distressed or uncomfortable
What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
This reflux causes movement of the body in response to the Head turning, this is known as the fencing position.
Older children may find alternating Strokes difficult because of a strong atnr reflex .
catamaran monkey monkey may also be difficult.
What is spinal Galant reflex
This stimulates the lumbar region causing flexion of the hip and arching of the other side of the body.
Does reflux assess the role to breathe in letter duckling dives where the child rolls onto their back.
What is the plantar reflex
This stimulates the curling of the toes between 5 to 9 months and assists in Crawling.
If the feet are tapped when baby is swimming they may begin to kick
If the baby’s feet are out of the water with the toes Curled then the baby is signalling help!! push the bottom down and the baby should relax.
