Baby And Young Child Development

Question 1

How many bones does a baby have at birth

Answer 1

300 bones but as they fused together by Adulthood that are 206

Question 2

How many columns does the vertebral have at birth

Answer 2

Two primary curves

Question 3

How many curves does the vertebral have at adolescence and what are they

Answer 3

Four

Cervical

Thoracic

Lambda

Sacral

Question 4

At what age do the facial sinuses reach the same size as an adult

Answer 4

Between the age of 10 to 12 years

Question 5

At what age does the anterior fontanelle close

Answer 5

By 18 months

Question 6

At what age do the skull bones fully fuse in an infant

Answer 6

By the age of 2

Question 7

At what age can a baby raise the chest and head

Answer 7

Around three months

Question 8

At what age can a baby sit unsupported

Answer 8

Buy 6 to 8 months for a limited time

Question 9

What is the top layer of skin called

Answer 9

The epidermis

Question 10

The vestibular system is about balance true or false

Answer 10

True

Response to the position of the head in relation to gravity

Relates to movement in balance

Activates the protective reflexes

Voluntary control of the head

At six to eight months gives the balance and strength to sit

The cerebellum integrate the vestibular system with Vision and touch

Developed a sense of Direction depth and space

Is involved in the preparation of upright positions

Question 11

What are the four development steps for general function in babies

Answer 11

Movement

Touch

Sight

Hearing is 4th

Question 12

What is the swimming amphibian reflex

Answer 12

It causes the legs arms and torso of newborns to moving spots that can propel them through the water for a metre or so and this often gives the illusion of swimming

Question 13

What is the righting reflex

Answer 13

This is when a baby of 4 or 5 months will try to lift the head to an upright position when placed on the back this may also happen when laying babies on their front.

Question 14

What is the reflexive holding of the breath

Answer 14

This is stimulated when a baby’s face goes into water it causes changes in the distribution of circulating blood to conserve oxygen and utilise it more efficiently.

Question 15

What is the gag reflex

Answer 15

The gag reflex causes an involuntary spasm of the glottis and epiglottis preventing water from entering the trachea.

The gag reflex blocks the trachea but does not close off the oesophagus that leads to the stomach if a baby’s mouth is open on immersion water enters the mouth and they could swallow it.

Question 16

What is the babkin reflex

Answer 16

When a baby’s hand is held in a certain swimming position on the palm of the hands baby’s mouth will open.

Question 17

What is hyponatremia

Answer 17

Water in a baby’s stomach

Question 18

What are the symptoms and signs of hyponatremia

Answer 18

Nausea and vomiting

Loss of energy

Frequent urination

Unconsciousness

Question 19

What is the blinking reflex

Answer 19

This offers protection against the wind and strong sunshine this remains throughout life.

If babies do not blink as they enter the water then the gag reflex is present.

Adults need to see a blink response as a sign of inhalation just before submersion

Newborn to about 6 months will suck in at the cheeks.

Question 20

What is the Moro/ startle reflex

Answer 20

This will cause a child to throw their arms outwards and their head back and sudden movement, slight trembling and distressed crying.

Question 21

What is the Moro startle reflex a sign off

Answer 21

The baby is distressed or uncomfortable

Question 22

What is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Answer 22

This reflux causes movement of the body in response to the Head turning, this is known as the fencing position.

Older children may find alternating Strokes difficult because of a strong atnr reflex .

catamaran monkey monkey may also be difficult.

Question 23

What is spinal Galant reflex

Answer 23

This stimulates the lumbar region causing flexion of the hip and arching of the other side of the body.

Does reflux assess the role to breathe in letter duckling dives where the child rolls onto their back.

Question 24

What is the plantar reflex

Answer 24

This stimulates the curling of the toes between 5 to 9 months and assists in Crawling.

If the feet are tapped when baby is swimming they may begin to kick

If the baby’s feet are out of the water with the toes Curled then the baby is signalling help!! push the bottom down and the baby should relax.

Question 25

What is the Palmar reflex

Answer 25

This enables babies to have a very strong grip between the ages of 3 and 4 months.

The can aid safety with holding on.

Question 26

Postural reflexes

Segmental rolling reflex

Answer 26

The body turns to follow the head.this aids rolling and maybe introduced on the float.

Question 27

Postural reflexes

Landau reflex

Answer 27

Disappears at around 3 months and can last up to two years of age

When baby is held horizontally it is a natural response to maintain a convex arc with the head and legs slightly flexed.

Question 28

Postural reflexes

Parachute reflex

Answer 28

This is where the arms and legs are open and spread with the head held back on the neck indicating the baby is out of balance and does not like the feeling possibly a falling Sensation.

Question 29

What are the challenges to a baby born preterm

Answer 29

Low birth weight

Breathing problems with underdeveloped lungs

Underdeveloped organs

Greater risk of infection

Greater risk of respiratory conditions

Greater risk of cerebral palsy

Greater risk for learning and developmental disabilities.