bab 5.2 solution Flashcards
What is a solute?
Substance that can dissolve in a liquid
What is a solvent?
A liquid that dissolves a substance
What is a solution?
Mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
What does the amount of solute in a solution affect?
The concentration of the solution
What is a dilute solution?
- Less amount of solute in the solvent
- Can dissolve more solute
What is a concentrated solution?
- More amount of solute in the solvent
- Can dissolve less solute
What is a saturated solution?
- Excess amount of solute in the solvent
- Cannot dissolve any more solute and form precipitate
What is the main difference between solution and suspension?
Solution contains dissolved substances
Suspension contains undissolved substances
What is a suspension?
A cloudy mixture formed from undissolved solute particles in a solvent
What are the characteristics of a solution?
- When solute is dispersed throughout a solvent
- Uniform colour and appearance
- Solution might be coloured, but uniform colour causes it to look clear
- Transparent because tiny solute particles allow light to pass through
- No residue when filtered
What are the characteristics of a suspension?
- Prevents light from passing through due to the size of the particles being large enough
- Suspension will settle if left undisturbed, forming precipitate at the base
- Residue left when filtered
What is solubility?
Maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in 100ml of solvent at specific temperature
If X g of solute dissolves in 100 cm3 of water at a temperature of Y C to form a saturated solution, what is the solubility of the solute?
Xg per 100cm3 at YC
Why does a solute dissolve quicker at higher temperature?
Hot water particles have a higher kinetic energy and move at a faster speed, colliding against the sugar particles more frequently. The sugar particles are dispersed in the water faster.
How does stirring effect the rate of solubility?
Stirring moves the water particles quickly and causes the water particles to collide against the sugar particles frequently
How does the size of solute effect the rate of solubility?
The smaller the size of the solute, the bigger the total surface area that is exposed to the solvent particles
What is a colloid?
A mixture of two or more solutes dispersed evenly in a solvent placed between a solution and a suspension as they do not produce clear mixture or sediments
What are examples of a foam colloid?
Shaving cream, soapsuds
What are examples of a emulsion colloid?
Mayonnaise, milk, fish oil
What are examples of an aerosol colloid?
Smoke, Mist
What are examples a of sol colloid?
Gold sol, sulphur sol, ink
Why is water known as a universal solvent?
Its ability to dissolve almost all substances
In what industry is water’s property as a universal solvent used?
In domestic use and as a raw material in the manufacturing industry, agriculture, medicine
What are examples of water as a universal solvent?
Fertilisers dissolve in water and are absorbed by the plant’s roots
Soft drinks are produces using water as a solvent
Water dissolves detergents used in cleaning process
