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Science > bab 5.2 solution > Flashcards

bab 5.2 solution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a solute?

A

Substance that can dissolve in a liquid

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2
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A liquid that dissolves a substance

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3
Q

What is a solution?

A

Mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent

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4
Q

What does the amount of solute in a solution affect?

A

The concentration of the solution

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5
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A
  • Less amount of solute in the solvent
  • Can dissolve more solute
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6
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A
  • More amount of solute in the solvent
  • Can dissolve less solute
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7
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A
  • Excess amount of solute in the solvent
  • Cannot dissolve any more solute and form precipitate
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8
Q

What is the main difference between solution and suspension?

A

Solution contains dissolved substances
Suspension contains undissolved substances

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9
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A cloudy mixture formed from undissolved solute particles in a solvent

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a solution?

A
  • When solute is dispersed throughout a solvent
  • Uniform colour and appearance
  • Solution might be coloured, but uniform colour causes it to look clear
  • Transparent because tiny solute particles allow light to pass through
  • No residue when filtered
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of a suspension?

A
  • Prevents light from passing through due to the size of the particles being large enough
  • Suspension will settle if left undisturbed, forming precipitate at the base
  • Residue left when filtered
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12
Q

What is solubility?

A

Maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in 100ml of solvent at specific temperature

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13
Q

If X g of solute dissolves in 100 cm3 of water at a temperature of Y C to form a saturated solution, what is the solubility of the solute?

A

Xg per 100cm3 at YC

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14
Q

Why does a solute dissolve quicker at higher temperature?

A

Hot water particles have a higher kinetic energy and move at a faster speed, colliding against the sugar particles more frequently. The sugar particles are dispersed in the water faster.

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15
Q

How does stirring effect the rate of solubility?

A

Stirring moves the water particles quickly and causes the water particles to collide against the sugar particles frequently

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16
Q

How does the size of solute effect the rate of solubility?

A

The smaller the size of the solute, the bigger the total surface area that is exposed to the solvent particles

17
Q

What is a colloid?

A

A mixture of two or more solutes dispersed evenly in a solvent placed between a solution and a suspension as they do not produce clear mixture or sediments

18
Q

What are examples of a foam colloid?

A

Shaving cream, soapsuds

19
Q

What are examples of a emulsion colloid?

A

Mayonnaise, milk, fish oil

20
Q

What are examples of an aerosol colloid?

A

Smoke, Mist

21
Q

What are examples a of sol colloid?

A

Gold sol, sulphur sol, ink

22
Q

Why is water known as a universal solvent?

A

Its ability to dissolve almost all substances

23
Q

In what industry is water’s property as a universal solvent used?

A

In domestic use and as a raw material in the manufacturing industry, agriculture, medicine

24
Q

What are examples of water as a universal solvent?

A

Fertilisers dissolve in water and are absorbed by the plant’s roots
Soft drinks are produces using water as a solvent
Water dissolves detergents used in cleaning process

25
Q

What are organic solvents?

A

Carbon-based solvents used to dissolve solutes insoluble in water

26
Q

When is alcohol used as an organic solvent?

A

Perfume, antiseptic

27
Q

When is kerosene used as an organic solvent?

A

Lamp oil

28
Q

When is acetone used as an organic solvent?

A

Nail varnish, lacquer

29
Q

When is turpentine used as an organic solvent?

A

Paint remover & thinner

30
Q

When is ether used as an organic solvent?

A

Oil extractor

31
Q

What is the characteristic of organic solvents which enables it to be used widely?

A

Volatile

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