B9 Flashcards
Respiration is
The process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell,
The energy transferred from respiration
Supplies all energy needed for living processes
Respiration is exo or endo thermic
Exothermic- transfers energy to the environment
Give three reasons why organisms need the energy transferred from respiration:
- to build up larger molecules from smaller ones
- used to allow muscles to contract (in animals)
- used to keep their body temperature steady in colder surroundings (birds and mammals)
What is metabolism
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for?
The continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism thay synthesise new molecules
Metabolism includes
- conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
- the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
- the use of glucose and nitrate ions go form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
- respiration
- breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion
Aerobic respiration is
Respiration using oxygen
Word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen ——— carbon dioxide + water
Symbol equation for Aerobic respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——- 6CO2 + 6H2O
Anaerobic respiration is
Without oxygen (its the incomplete breakdown of glucose, making lactic acid.
Anaerobic respiration word equation
Glucose ——— lactic acid
Explain why less energy is transferred in anaerobic respiration
As the oxidation of glucose is incomplete in anaerobic respiration much less energy is transferred than in aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells is represented by the equation:
Glucose ——— ethanol + carbon dioxide
Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called
Fermentation
yeast has economic importance in the manufacture of
bread and alcoholic drinks.
When you exercise, some of your muscles contract more frequently thsn normal so you need more energy. Where does this energu come from
Increased respiration
Your breathing rate and breath volume increases to… and your heart rate increases to…
Get more oxygen into the blood, and your heart rate increases to get this oxygenated blood around the body faster to muscles. This removes C02 more quickly at the same time
What happens if your body can’t supply oxygen to your body cells quickly enough….
They start respiring anaerobically which is not the best way to transfer energy from glucose because lactic acid builds up in muscles, which gets painful.
Long periods of exercise also cause muscle fatigue
The muscles get tired snd then stop contrscting efficiently
What is an oxygen debt
Blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose. Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.
Why do you have to keep breathing heavily after you stop
Because you have to repay the oxygen that you did not get to your muscles in time
The blood that enters your muscles transports _________ to the _______. In the liver, the lactic acid is _________ back to _________.
Lactic acid, liver, converted, glucose.
