B8.039 Prework 5: Clinical Aspects of Breast Cancer Flashcards
how to screen women with extremely dense breasts
masses difficult to detect
alternative screening with MRI or US may be appropriate
levels of breast density
1 = <25% 2 = <50% 3 = >50% 4 = >75%
benign lesions on mammography
well circumscribed
suspicious masses on mammography
dense, spiculated
ductal carcinoma on mammography
pleomorphic calcifications in a branching, ductal distribution
derivation of breast tissue
glandular structure
-modified aprocrine sweat gland
borders of breast
2-3rd and 6-7th rib
lateral sternum to anterior axillary line
deep to fascia of pectoralis major muscle
largest breast tissue volume
upper outer quadrant
most common site of malignancy
lymphatic drainage of the breast
internal mammary nodes
supraclavicular nodes
axillary nodes
muscle that defines the axillary lymph nodes
pec minor
buzzwords for malignant breast tumors
axillary lymph node involvement most important prognostic factor
most often in upper outer quadrant
buzzwords for DCIS
microcalcifications
buzzwords for comedocarcinoma
central necrosis
buzzwords for paget
underlying DCIS or invasive cancer
eczematous patches on nipple
buzzwords for invasive ductal carcinoma
firm, fibrous, rock hard, sharp margins
worst, most invasive
most common
buzzwords for invasive lobular
orderly row of cells
loss of e cadherin
bilateral
buzzwords for inflammatory carcinoma
orange peel skin
block lymphatic drainage
surgical options for breast cancer
partial mastectomy
simple mastectomy
modified radical mastectomy
radical mastectomy
partial mastectomy
removal or tumor and small rim around it
2 mm margins ideal
often paired with radiation
simple mastectomy
removal of all glandular tissue of breast
NOT lymph nodes
modified radical mastectomy
entire breast is removed as well as the underarm lymph nodes
chest muscles intact
radical mastectomy
complete removal of breast, including the nipple, overlying skin, muscle beneath breast, and lymph nodes
rarely performed
core needle biopsy
assesses axillary lymph node for tumor markers
sentinel lymph node biopsy
blue dye injected into breast parenchyma
dye will drain along same channels as tumor cells
only nodes that take up the dye are assessed pathologically
anesthesia drugs
propofol midazolam fentanyl hyoscine patch famotidine
oncotype DX
21 gene assay
assesses estrogen, HER2, proliferation, invasion, and reference genes to determine recurrence risk of BC
doxorubicin MOA
generates free radicals
intercalate in DNA > breaks in DNA > decreased replication
cyclophosphamide MOA
cross link DNA at guanine
paclitaxel MOA
hypestabilize polymerized microtubules in M phase so that mitotic spindle cannot break down
