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RDS Test 2 > B8.025 The Ovary- Histology/Physiology > Flashcards

B8.025 The Ovary- Histology/Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

function of the ovary

A

to produce female germ cells, ova

to synthesize and secrete steroid and peptide hormones

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2
Q

3 layers of the ovary

A

epithelium
cortex
medulla

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3
Q

what is present in the cortex of the ovary

A
  • follicles containing oocytes at multiple stages of development
  • corpora lutea at various stages of function and regression
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4
Q

what is present in the medulla of the ovary

A

vasculature
lymphatics
nerves

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5
Q

ovarian surface epithelium

A

germinal

simple cuboidal: 1 layer, square in shape

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6
Q

tunica albuginia

A

dense connective tissue

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7
Q

what is folliculogenesis

A

the growth and development of immature follicles and oocytes to mature follicles and ova capable of undergoing ovulation and fertilization

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8
Q

steps in folliculogenesis

A 
primordial
primary
preantral
antral
Graafian
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9
Q

description of structural components of primordial follicle

A

oocyte: “primary oocyte”, 25 um
squamous granulosa cells
basement membrane

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10
Q

lifespan of primordial follicle

A
  • arrested in prophase of meosis 1
  • non-growing/resting pool go through rRNA, mRNA, and protein synthesis
  • eventually enter growing pool OR become atretic
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11
Q

are primordial follicles dependent on LH and FSH?

A

NOOOO

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12
Q

description of structural components of primary follicle

A

basement membrane
cuboidal granulosa cells (still 1 layer)
zona pellucida
growing oocyte in center

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13
Q

changes in lifespan of primary follicle

A

enter growing pool

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14
Q

what is the zona pellucida

A

composed of 4 glycoproteins (ZP1-4)
produced/secreted by the oocyte
transitional interaction between granulosa and oocyte

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15
Q

function of zona pellucida

A

sperm binding receptor
acrosome reaction
block polyspermy
protection for embryo

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16
Q

description of structural components of preantral follicle

A

theca differentiates
basement membrane
multiple layers of granulosa cells**

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17
Q

function of basement membrane in preantral follicle

A

separates theca and granulosa cells

blood supply DOES NOT cross

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18
Q

changes in lifespan of preantral follicles

A

granulosa cells proliferate
becomes able to respond to hormones
-theca : LH
-granulosa: FSH

19
Q

description of new structural components of antral follicle

A

antrum forms, filled with follicular fluid
theca differentiates into interna and externa
granulosa continues to proliferate

20
Q

how does the antrum form

A

first as several small pockets of fluid

eventually coalesces

21
Q

changes in lifespan of antral follicle

A

increasing estradiol production

22
Q

description of new structural components of Graafian follicle

A

granulosa continues to proliferate
increasing follicle diameter to 25 mm
increasing blood supply
oocyte pushed to one side

23
Q

theca interna

A

large, round nuclei

steroidogenic cells

24
Q

theca externa

A

fibroblast like cells

tether follicle to stroma of ovary

25
Q

stimulation of ovulation

A

increasing estradiol

ovulatory surge of LH

26
Q

what occurs in response to the ovulatory surge of LH

A
  • BM breakdown
  • blood vessel penetration
  • oocyte moves to center of follicle
  • cumulus expansion
  • oocyte resumes meiosis
  • granulosa cell differentiation
  • enzyme production
27
Q

oocyte resumption of meosis in ovaulation

A

completion of meiosis 1
first polar body formed
oocyte arrests in metaphase II

28
Q

granulosa cell differentiation in ovulation

A

aromatase off
estradiol to progesterone
proliferation stops

29
Q

enzyme production in ovulation

A 
histamine = hyperemia
PA = breakdown of tunica albuginea
30
Q

release of the oocyte in ovulation

A

increasing pressure
proteolytic activity
fimbrae and cilia beat and move oocyte into fallopian tube

31
Q

formation of the corpus luteum

A

BM ruptures to allow vascularization of the antrum

granulosa and theca cells lutenize

32
Q

lifespan of CL

A

predetermined
no pregnancy > dies
pregnancy > hCG maintains progesterone production

33
Q

corpus albicans

A

remnants of a CL

34
Q

what is atresia

A

degeneration/death of the follicle and oocyte

35
Q

how does the oocyte complement develop

A
  1. primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac to gonadal ridge
  2. oogonia undergo mitosis
  3. oogonia enter meiosis
  4. primary oocytes
  5. arrest in prophase I of meiosis
36
Q

initial organization of oocytes

A

initially in nests
some undergo apoptosis
remainder form individual oocytes with associated granulosa (primordial follicles)

37
Q

regulation of primordial follicle formation

A

transcription factors, growth factors, meiotic proteins

CAV1, NGF, DMCI

38
Q

discuss the finite number of oocytes

A

finite number established with development of the ovary
at the start of puberty, constantly being recruited and entering the growing pool
menopause occurs when the oocytes run out

39
Q

biological checkpoint proteins involved in controlling female reproductive potential

A 
bFGF
KL
BMP15
Foxl2
KGF
AMH
40
Q

3 phases of growth of the follicle

A
  1. preantral (gonadotropin-independent)
  2. tonic (gonadotropin-responsive)
  3. exponential growth (gonadotropin-dependent)
41
Q

preantral growth

A

gonadotropin-independent
several months
primordial follicle > primary follicle > preantral follicle

42
Q

tonic growth

A

gonadotropin-responsive
2+ months
early antral follicle > antral follicle

43
Q

exponential growth

A 
gonadotropin-dependent
21 days (portion of growth that is included in the menstrual cycle)
Graafian follicle > ovulatory surge > ovulation

RDS Test 2 (24 decks)

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