B7.2 Transport in Mammals

Question 1

Differences between veins and arteries

Answer 1

1. Veins have a wider cross-section than arteries
2. Veins have thinner walls than arteries
3. Veins have valves

Question 2

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?

Answer 2

Left ventricle

Question 3

What is the biological name for the windpipe?

Answer 3

Trachea

Question 4

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Key components of the human circulatory system

Answer 5

• Heart
• Blood
• Blood vessels

Question 6

Features of white blood cells

Answer 6

• Has a nucleus

- Can change shape

Question 7

Deoxygenated blood arrives at the lungs from the heart via which artery?

Answer 7

The pulmonary artery

Question 8

Deoxygenated blood arrives at the heart from the body via which vein?

Answer 8

Vena cava

Question 9

What are platelets responsible for?

Answer 9

Triggering blood clotting

Question 10

What do red blood cells contain that binds with oxygen in the lungs?

Answer 10

Haemoglobin

Question 11

What is the name of the wall that separates the oxygenated blood from the deoxygenated blood?

Answer 11

Septum

Question 12

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall of the right ventricle?

Answer 12

The left ventricle has to pump blood a further distance around the whole body so the blood needs to be under a higher pressure

Question 13

Why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria?

Answer 13

The ventricles need to pump blood all around the body (so further distance) whereas the atria only have to pump blood into the ventricles which is a shorter distance so it can use lower pressure.

Question 14

The function of the arteries

Answer 14

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Question 15

The function of the veins

Answer 15

Veins carry blood into the heart

Question 16

The function of the capillaries

Answer 16

Capillaries flow close to tissues for exchange

Question 17

Describe the blood flow through the right side of the heart

Answer 17

1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the vena cava
2. The blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
3. The ventricle contracts and the blood is pumped out of the heart to the lungs through the semilunar valve to the lungs via the pulmonary artery

Question 18

Describe the blood flow through the left side of the heart

Answer 18

1. Oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein, entering the left atrium
2. The left atrium contracts and blood moves through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle
3. The left ventricle contracts and the blood is pumped out through the semilunar valve and into the aorta

Question 19

Give 3 ways of measuring the heart rate

Answer 19

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
2. Pulse rate
3. Listening to the sound of the valves

Question 20

State the effect of physical exercise on the heart rate

Answer 20

Physical exercise increases the heart rate

Question 21

Explain the effect of physical exercise on the heart rate

Answer 21

• Muscular contraction requires energy from respiration
• More respiration requires more oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Heart pumps faster to provide more oxygen to the muscles for respiration and to remove carbon dioxide quickly

Question 22

What is coronary heart disease(CHD)?

Answer 22

When the artery that is providing the heart tissue with blood (the coronary artery) becomes blocked

Question 23

6 common risk factors of coronary heart disease

Answer 23

• Smoking
• Lack of exercise
• Genetics
• Diet high in saturated fats
• Male

Question 24

Treatment options for patients with coronary heart disease

Answer 24

1. Surgery
   - Small tubes called stents can be put into arteries to keep them open.
   - Angioplasty is where a small balloon is put in the artery to increase blood flow and break up the blockage.
2. Drugs
   - Aspirin reduces inflammation and prevents blood from clotting

Question 25

What do stents do?

Answer 25

They are small tubes that are inserted into blood vessels to keep them open

Question 26

What is angioplasty?

Answer 26

The temporary insertion of a small balloon into an artery to keep it open

Question 27

Describe the structure of arteries

Answer 27

- Thick walls made of muscles and elastic tissue | - Small lumen to transport blood under high pressure

Question 28

Describe the structure of capillaries

Answer 28

- Thin walls (about one cell thick) to allow easy exchange of substances at the tissues

Question 29

Describe the structure of the veins

Answer 29

- Thin walls - Large lumen to transport blood at a lower pressure - Has valves to prevent backflow

Question 30

The artery that provides the lungs with blood

Answer 30

The pulmonary artery

Question 31

Name the vein that takes blood away from the lungs

Answer 31

The pulmonary vein

Question 32

The main artery that takes blood away from the heart

Answer 32

The aorta

Question 33

The main vein that takes blood away from the body

Answer 33

The vena cava

Question 34

The main artery that takes blood to the kidneys

Answer 34

The renal artery

Question 35

The main vein that takes blood away from the kidneys

Answer 35

The renal vein

Question 36

State 3 substances that move across the wall of the blood vessel

Answer 36

- Oxygen - Carbon dioxide - Glucose - Water - Amino acids

Question 37

The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood into the heart

Answer 37

Pulmonary vein

Question 38

The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood into the heart

Answer 38

Vena cava

Question 39

The blood vessel that carries blood away from the right side of the heart and into the lungs

Answer 39

Pulmonary artery

Question 40

The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

Answer 40

Aorta