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IGCSE Biology > B7.2 Transport in Mammals > Flashcards

B7.2 Transport in Mammals Flashcards

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1
Q

Differences between veins and arteries

A
  1. Veins have a wider cross-section than arteries
  2. Veins have thinner walls than arteries
  3. Veins have valves
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2
Q

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?

A

Left ventricle

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3
Q

What is the biological name for the windpipe?

A

Trachea

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4
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

4

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5
Q

Key components of the human circulatory system

A
  • Heart
  • Blood
  • Blood vessels
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6
Q

Features of white blood cells

A
  • Has a nucleus

- Can change shape

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7
Q

Deoxygenated blood arrives at the lungs from the heart via which artery?

A

The pulmonary artery

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8
Q

Deoxygenated blood arrives at the heart from the body via which vein?

A

Vena cava

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9
Q

What are platelets responsible for?

A

Triggering blood clotting

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10
Q

What do red blood cells contain that binds with oxygen in the lungs?

A

Haemoglobin

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11
Q

What is the name of the wall that separates the oxygenated blood from the deoxygenated blood?

A

Septum

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12
Q

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall of the right ventricle?

A

The left ventricle has to pump blood a further distance around the whole body so the blood needs to be under a higher pressure

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13
Q

Why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria?

A

The ventricles need to pump blood all around the body (so further distance) whereas the atria only have to pump blood into the ventricles which is a shorter distance so it can use lower pressure.

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14
Q

The function of the arteries

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

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15
Q

The function of the veins

A

Veins carry blood into the heart

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16
Q

The function of the capillaries

A

Capillaries flow close to tissues for exchange

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17
Q

Describe the blood flow through the right side of the heart

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the vena cava
  2. The blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
  3. The ventricle contracts and the blood is pumped out of the heart to the lungs through the semilunar valve to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
18
Q

Describe the blood flow through the left side of the heart

A
  1. Oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein, entering the left atrium
  2. The left atrium contracts and blood moves through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle
  3. The left ventricle contracts and the blood is pumped out through the semilunar valve and into the aorta
19
Q

Give 3 ways of measuring the heart rate

A
  1. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  2. Pulse rate
  3. Listening to the sound of the valves
20
Q

State the effect of physical exercise on the heart rate

A

Physical exercise increases the heart rate

21
Q

Explain the effect of physical exercise on the heart rate

A
  • Muscular contraction requires energy from respiration
  • More respiration requires more oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • Heart pumps faster to provide more oxygen to the muscles for respiration and to remove carbon dioxide quickly
22
Q

What is coronary heart disease(CHD)?

A

When the artery that is providing the heart tissue with blood (the coronary artery) becomes blocked

23
Q

6 common risk factors of coronary heart disease

A
  • Smoking
  • Lack of exercise
  • Genetics
  • Diet high in saturated fats
  • Male
24
Q

Treatment options for patients with coronary heart disease

A
  1. Surgery
    - Small tubes called stents can be put into arteries to keep them open.
    - Angioplasty is where a small balloon is put in the artery to increase blood flow and break up the blockage.
  2. Drugs
    - Aspirin reduces inflammation and prevents blood from clotting
25
Q

What do stents do?

A

They are small tubes that are inserted into blood vessels to keep them open

26
Q

What is angioplasty?

A

The temporary insertion of a small balloon into an artery to keep it open

27
Q

Describe the structure of arteries

A
  • Thick walls made of muscles and elastic tissue

- Small lumen to transport blood under high pressure

28
Q

Describe the structure of capillaries

A
  • Thin walls (about one cell thick) to allow easy exchange of substances at the tissues
29
Q

Describe the structure of the veins

A
  • Thin walls
  • Large lumen to transport blood at a lower pressure
  • Has valves to prevent backflow
30
Q

The artery that provides the lungs with blood

A

The pulmonary artery

31
Q

Name the vein that takes blood away from the lungs

A

The pulmonary vein

32
Q

The main artery that takes blood away from the heart

A

The aorta

33
Q

The main vein that takes blood away from the body

A

The vena cava

34
Q

The main artery that takes blood to the kidneys

A

The renal artery

35
Q

The main vein that takes blood away from the kidneys

A

The renal vein

36
Q

State 3 substances that move across the wall of the blood vessel

A
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Glucose
  • Water
  • Amino acids
37
Q

The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood into the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

38
Q

The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood into the heart

A

Vena cava

39
Q

The blood vessel that carries blood away from the right side of the heart and into the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

40
Q

The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

A

Aorta

IGCSE Biology (13 decks)

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