B6.3 Digestion Flashcards
Identify the 4 types of human teeth
Incisors, canines, molars and premolars
What are incisors used for?
biting and cutting
What are canines used for?
tearing, holding and biting
What are premolars used for?
Chewing and grinding
What are molars used for?
Chewing
Where are incisors located?
The front of the mouth
List the 5 structures of human teeth
Enamel, dentine, pulp, nerves and cement
How are premolars shaped?
Large, flat surface
How are molars shaped?
Large, flat surface
How are canines shaped?
Pointy
How can you prevent cavities?
Brush your teeth regularly to help remove any build-up of plaque, and also any bits of food stuck between the teeth or at the edge of the gum
What benefits does toothpaste have?
- It is alkaline so it neutralizes acids near the teeth
- It contains antibacterial substances such as mint
- It usually contains a mild abrasive that helps to remove plaque
- It may contain fluoride, which helps to strengthen enamel and reduce acidic damage
State the function of amylase
Breaks down starch to simple sugars
State the function of protease
Breaks down protein to amino acids
State the function of lipase
Breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol
Where is amylase produced/secreted?
Salivary glands (mouth) and pancreas
Where is protease produced/secreted?
Stomach wall and pancreas
Where is lipase produced/secreted?
Pancreas
Causes of dental decay
Food particles get stuck on the crevices of the teeth and bacteria grow on them, forming plaque.
Acids erode the tooth enamel and expose the softer dentine underneath. This can cause pain when the nerves in the pulp cavity are affected by acid, heat or cold.
What is the function of bile?
Emulsifies fats and neutralises acidic food mixtures entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action
Where is bile stored?
Gall bladder
Why does bile emulsify fats?
To increase the surface area for chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase
Is bile acidic or alkaline?
Highly alkaline
State the role of villi
To increase the surface area in the small intestine –> to increase the rate of transport of food molecules
State the function of villi
absorption of (digested) nutrients into the blood ;
Describe the structure of a villus.
lacteal / lymph vessel / lymphatic vessel ;
capillaries / blood vessel ;
epithelium ;
microvilli ;
large surface area ;
AVP ; e.g. epithelium contains goblet cells
