B6.2 The Alimentary Canal Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Taking food and drink into the body (through the mouth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is digestion?

A

The breaking down of large food molecules into smaller water-soluble molecules using mechanical and chemical processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is absorption?

A

Movement of small food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is assimilation?

A

The movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used to produce other molecules or in respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is egestion?

A

The passing out of food that has not been digested, as faces, through the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identify the 8 main regions of the alimentary canal

A
Mouth
Salivary glands
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of the gall bladder

A
  • Stores bile from the liver

- Bile is passed along the bile duct into the small intestine, where it neutralizes the stomach acid in the chyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functions of the pancreas

A
  • Produces amylase protease and lipase (pepsin and trypsin)

- Secretes digestive enzymes in an alkaline fluid into the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functions of the small intestine

A
  • First section: Duodenum
  • Second section: ileum
  • Secretions from the gall bladder and pancreas enter the duodenum to complete the process of digestion
  • Digested food molecules are absorbed in the ileum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of the large intestine

A
  • Water is absorbed from the remaining material

- Faces is stored in the rectum and removed through the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of the anus

A
  • Faeces are egested through the sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define peristalsis

A

Contractions of the muscles in the walls of the alimentary canal.
- Fibre in the food keeps the bolus bulky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of the mouth

A
  • Teeth and tongue break down food into smaller pieces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of the salivary glands (List 3)

A
  • Produce liquid saliva
  • Moistens food –> easily swallowed
  • Contains amylase –> breakdown of starch
17
Q

Functions of the oesophagus

A
  • Bolus (each lump of swallowed and chewed food) is moved from the mouth to the stomach –> by waves of muscle contraction called peristalsis
18
Q

Functions of the stomach (List 5)

A
  • Food is mechanically digested by churning
  • Acid and protease enzymes are secreted to start protein digestion
  • Provides optimum pH for protease to work
  • Secretion of pepsin
  • Kills bacteria in the food
19
Q

Functions of the liver

A
  • Cells in the liver make bile (emulsifies fats)
  • Amino acids that are not used for making proteins are broken down to form urea –> passes to the kidneys for excretion
  • Converts glucose to glycogen
20
Q

In which organ does the digestion of proteins take place?

A
  • Stomach

- Small intestine

21
Q

Which structures secrete enzymes that digest proteins?

A
  • Stomach

- Pancreas

22
Q

Where does the digestion of carbohydrates take place?

A
  • Mouth

- Small intestine