B7 Non-communicable Diseases Flashcards
What are non-communicable diseases?
Diseases that are not infectious, usually caused by genetics or lifestyle choices
What is a correlation?
An apparent link or relationship between two things that happen
What is a casual mechanism?
A casual mechanism explains how one factor influences another factor through a biological process
How does a tumour form?
A tumour is an abnormal mass of cells that forms when a group of cells undergo uncontrolled growth and division
What are the 2 types of tumours?
- Benign tumours
- Malignant tumours
What is a benign tumour?
A tumour in which the abnormal mass of cells are contained in one area (usually by a membrane) and do not spread to other areas of the body
Which type of tumour causes cancer, benign or malignant?
Malignant tumours cause cancer
What is a malignant tumour?
A tumour in which the abnormal mass of cells are not contained in one area by a membrane,
this means that they can enter the bloodstream and be transported to other areas of the body
What are some causes of cancer?
- Tar in cigarette smoke
- Too much exposure to ionising radiation (such as X-rays or UV light)
- Genetic risk factors
What are the 6 main different types of cancer?
- Lung cancer
- Skin cancer
- Cervical cancer
- Breast cancer
- Testicular cancer
- Brain cancer
What are the 2 main treatments for cancer?
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
How does radiotherapy reduce the damage done by cancer?
Radiotherapy kills the cancer cells by targeted doses of radiation
How does chemotherapy reduce the damage done by cancer?
Chemotherapy uses chemicals to either stop cancer cells dividing or to make them self-destruct
How are malignant tumour cells able to spread to other parts of the body?
Through the bloodstream as they are not contained by a membrane
What is cancer?
A disease caused when a group of cells becomes abnormally large due to uncontrolled growth and division and then spreads to other parts of the body (also known as malignant tumours)
What is it called when the cells from a malignant tumour spread to other tissues and create a new tumour there?
A secondary tumour
What are 2 lifestyle choices which can cause cancer?
- Smoking
- Poor diet (obesity)
