B10 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostatis?

A

Homeostatis is the process of keeping everything constant inside your body

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2
Q

What is your internal environment?

A

The conditions inside your body are known as your internal environment

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3
Q

What are some things controlled in homeostatis?

A
  • Body tempratute
  • Water levels
  • Glucose concentration in blood
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4
Q

Why can too high water levels in your body be dangerous?

A

Too much water can cause your cells to burst due to osmosis

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5
Q

What is the order of the control systems in homeostatis?

A

1) The change in the bodys environment is called the stimulus
2) Special ‘receptor’ cells detect the stimulus
3) The brain processes the information of the stimulus and sends a signal to make the response happen
4) The effectors bring about the response

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6
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

It controls all the actions that our body makes

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7
Q

What body parts does the central nervous system (CNS) contain?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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8
Q

What does the sensory neurone do?

A

The sensory neurone is connected to the receptor and carries the message to the CNS

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9
Q

What does the motor neurone do?

A

The motoer neurone carries messages from the CNS to the effector

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10
Q

How does information pass from the receptor to the CNS and from the CNS to the effector?

A

Information passes along nerve cells called neurones as eletrical impulses to the central nervous system

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11
Q

What is the order of the nervous system from a stimulus —> the response?

A

Stimulus —> Receptor —> Sensory Neurone —> CNS —> Motor Neurone —> Effector —> Response

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12
Q

What are reflex actions?

A

Reflex actions are automatic actions which we do involuntary (without thinking)

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13
Q

What causes us too not think during a reflex action?

A

Messages bypass the brain so the stimulus can reach the response faster

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14
Q

What is different between a reflex action and a normal action in terms of the journey from the stimulus —> the response?

A

Rather than going from the sensory neurone too the CNS the message goes from the:

sensory neurone —> the relay neurone —> motor neurone

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15
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A synapse is the gap where 2 neurones connect

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16
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at one end of a neurone to help the eletrical impulses cross the synapse

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17
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at one end of a neurone to help the eletrical impulses cross the synapse

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18
Q

What are the 5 different parts of the brain?

A
  • The cerebral cortex
  • The cerebellum
  • The hypothalamus
  • The medulla
  • The pituitary gland
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19
Q

What is the cerebral cortex and what does it do?

A

The cerebral cortex largest part of the brain (the pink ‘mushy’ bit) and it is involved in consciousness, memory, language and intelligence

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20
Q

What is the cerebellum and what does it do?

A

The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain (below the cerebral cortex) and it coordinates muscle activity and balance

21
Q

What is the medulla and what does it do?

A

The medulla is the part of the brainstem (bottom stem of the brain) and it is involved in unconscious activites

22
Q

What is the hypothalamus and what does it do?

A

The hypothalamus is the small area in the middle of the brain and it has many functions, including control of temprature

23
Q

What is the pituitary gland and what does it do?

A

The pituitary gland is a small gland beneath the hypothalamus and it produces many different hormones too help coordinate and control the body systems

24
Q

Why are some people short/long sighted?

A

As the light that enters the eye is concentrated infront of or behind the retina

25
What is accomodation in the eye?
The eyes ability to change the shape of the lens to refract the light so it is concentrated on the retina
26
What is the first structure that light will hit when entering the eye?
The cornea
27
Why is the cornea completely transparent?
To allow all the light too pass through
28
Why do we need the cornea?
It allows the light too refract when entering the eye
29
What is the iris?
The coloured bit if your eye, surrounding the pupil
30
What is the pupil?
The black structure that is being surrounded by the iris
31
What is behind the iris and pupil?
The lens
32
What is behind the iris and pupil?
The lens
33
What is similar about the cornea and the lens?
They both refract the light
34
Why can the lens change shape?
So it can control how strongly it refracts the light so the light ends up concentrating perfectly on the retina at the back of the eye
35
Why can the lens change shape?
So it can control how strongly it refracts the light so the light ends up concentrating perfectly on the retina at the back of the eye
36
What are the 2 different types of receptor cells that the retina is made up of?
Cone cells which allow us too see colour Rod cells which allow us to see in black and white
37
What are the 2 different types of receptor cells that the retina is made up of?
Cone cells which allow us too see colour Rod cells which allow us to see in black and white
38
Why can u not see colours when it is dark?
As it is only your rod cells which are working
39
What is the fovea?
A special spot on the retina where only cone cells are working
40
What is the optic nerve and what does it do?
The optic nerve takes all of the impulses generated by the receptor cells and transmits them too the brain
41
What happens too the pupil when in bright light conditions?
The pupil constricts (becomes smaller)
42
What happens too the pupil when in low light conditions?
The pupil dilates (becomes larger)
43
What are the 2 muscles inside the iris?
- The circular muscles on the inside - The radial muscles on the outside
44
What do the suspensory ligaments do?
- They control the shape of the lens - They attach the lens too the ciliary muscles
45
What happens to the lens when looking at a close object?
It becomes shorter and thicker
46
What happens to the lens when looking at a far away object?
The lens becomes taller becomes thinner
47
What do the ciliary muscles do when looking at a distant object?
They relax which means the lens is more stretched out
48
What do the ciliary muscles do when looking at a nearby object?
They contract which lets the lens return to its natural shorter and fatter shape too refract the light more