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GCSE Biology > B10 Nervous System > Flashcards

B10 Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostatis?

A

Homeostatis is the process of keeping everything constant inside your body

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2
Q

What is your internal environment?

A

The conditions inside your body are known as your internal environment

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3
Q

What are some things controlled in homeostatis?

A
  • Body tempratute
  • Water levels
  • Glucose concentration in blood
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4
Q

Why can too high water levels in your body be dangerous?

A

Too much water can cause your cells to burst due to osmosis

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5
Q

What is the order of the control systems in homeostatis?

A

1) The change in the bodys environment is called the stimulus
2) Special ‘receptor’ cells detect the stimulus
3) The brain processes the information of the stimulus and sends a signal to make the response happen
4) The effectors bring about the response

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6
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

It controls all the actions that our body makes

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7
Q

What body parts does the central nervous system (CNS) contain?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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8
Q

What does the sensory neurone do?

A

The sensory neurone is connected to the receptor and carries the message to the CNS

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9
Q

What does the motor neurone do?

A

The motoer neurone carries messages from the CNS to the effector

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10
Q

How does information pass from the receptor to the CNS and from the CNS to the effector?

A

Information passes along nerve cells called neurones as eletrical impulses to the central nervous system

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11
Q

What is the order of the nervous system from a stimulus —> the response?

A

Stimulus —> Receptor —> Sensory Neurone —> CNS —> Motor Neurone —> Effector —> Response

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12
Q

What are reflex actions?

A

Reflex actions are automatic actions which we do involuntary (without thinking)

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13
Q

What causes us too not think during a reflex action?

A

Messages bypass the brain so the stimulus can reach the response faster

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14
Q

What is different between a reflex action and a normal action in terms of the journey from the stimulus —> the response?

A

Rather than going from the sensory neurone too the CNS the message goes from the:

sensory neurone —> the relay neurone —> motor neurone

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15
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A synapse is the gap where 2 neurones connect

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16
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at one end of a neurone to help the eletrical impulses cross the synapse

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17
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at one end of a neurone to help the eletrical impulses cross the synapse

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18
Q

What are the 5 different parts of the brain?

A
  • The cerebral cortex
  • The cerebellum
  • The hypothalamus
  • The medulla
  • The pituitary gland
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19
Q

What is the cerebral cortex and what does it do?

A

The cerebral cortex largest part of the brain (the pink ‘mushy’ bit) and it is involved in consciousness, memory, language and intelligence

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20
Q

What is the cerebellum and what does it do?

A

The cerebellum is the second largest part of the brain (below the cerebral cortex) and it coordinates muscle activity and balance

21
Q

What is the medulla and what does it do?

A

The medulla is the part of the brainstem (bottom stem of the brain) and it is involved in unconscious activites

22
Q

What is the hypothalamus and what does it do?

A

The hypothalamus is the small area in the middle of the brain and it has many functions, including control of temprature

23
Q

What is the pituitary gland and what does it do?

A

The pituitary gland is a small gland beneath the hypothalamus and it produces many different hormones too help coordinate and control the body systems

24
Q

Why are some people short/long sighted?

A

As the light that enters the eye is concentrated infront of or behind the retina

25
Q

What is accomodation in the eye?

A

The eyes ability to change the shape of the lens to refract the light so it is concentrated on the retina

26
Q

What is the first structure that light will hit when entering the eye?

A

The cornea

27
Q

Why is the cornea completely transparent?

A

To allow all the light too pass through

28
Q

Why do we need the cornea?

A

It allows the light too refract when entering the eye

29
Q

What is the iris?

A

The coloured bit if your eye, surrounding the pupil

30
Q

What is the pupil?

A

The black structure that is being surrounded by the iris

31
Q

What is behind the iris and pupil?

A

The lens

32
Q

What is behind the iris and pupil?

A

The lens

33
Q

What is similar about the cornea and the lens?

A

They both refract the light

34
Q

Why can the lens change shape?

A

So it can control how strongly it refracts the light so the light ends up concentrating perfectly on the retina at the back of the eye

35
Q

Why can the lens change shape?

A

So it can control how strongly it refracts the light so the light ends up concentrating perfectly on the retina at the back of the eye

36
Q

What are the 2 different types of receptor cells that the retina is made up of?

A

Cone cells which allow us too see colour

Rod cells which allow us to see in black and white

37
Q

What are the 2 different types of receptor cells that the retina is made up of?

A

Cone cells which allow us too see colour

Rod cells which allow us to see in black and white

38
Q

Why can u not see colours when it is dark?

A

As it is only your rod cells which are working

39
Q

What is the fovea?

A

A special spot on the retina where only cone cells are working

40
Q

What is the optic nerve and what does it do?

A

The optic nerve takes all of the impulses generated by the receptor cells and transmits them too the brain

41
Q

What happens too the pupil when in bright light conditions?

A

The pupil constricts (becomes smaller)

42
Q

What happens too the pupil when in low light conditions?

A

The pupil dilates (becomes larger)

43
Q

What are the 2 muscles inside the iris?

A
  • The circular muscles on the inside
  • The radial muscles on the outside
44
Q

What do the suspensory ligaments do?

A
  • They control the shape of the lens
  • They attach the lens too the ciliary muscles
45
Q

What happens to the lens when looking at a close object?

A

It becomes shorter and thicker

46
Q

What happens to the lens when looking at a far away object?

A

The lens becomes taller becomes thinner

47
Q

What do the ciliary muscles do when looking at a distant object?

A

They relax which means the lens is more stretched out

48
Q

What do the ciliary muscles do when looking at a nearby object?

A

They contract which lets the lens return to its natural shorter and fatter shape too refract the light more

GCSE Biology (10 decks)

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