B7: Non-communicable Diseases 🤧 Flashcards
What is a non-communicable disease?
A disease that isn’t infectious
Name 2 risk factors for disease.
Aspects of your life(smoking, overeating etc) and environmental substances (ionising radiation, UV light etc)
What is a causal mechanism?
It explains how one factor influences another through a biological process.
What are benign tumours?
Growths of abnormal cells contained in one place. They can be fatal if they put pressure on or damage an organ.
What are malignant tumour cells?
They can spread around the body and invade neighbouring healthy tissues. OTHERWISE KNOWN AS CANCER!
Name 4 causes of cancer.
Genetics, mutations, ionising radiation and virus infections.
Name two ways to treat cancer.
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
What is radiotherapy?
When cancer cells are destroyed by targeted doses of radiation.
What are the disadvantages of radiotherapy?
Tiredness, exhaustion and skin damage.
What is chemotherapy?
Where chemicals are used to either stop the cancer cells dividing or make them “self destruct”.
What are the disadvantages of chemotherapy?
Exhaustion, sickness and hair loss.
What can intake of carbon monoxide cause?
A shortage of oxygen and ,in turn, a lack of exercise.
Why is smoking bad during pregnancy?
Because a pregnant woman needs oxygen for her and the fetus. A lack of oxygen would limit the fetus’ growth.
What can smoking during pregnancy lead to?
Premature births, low birthweight and stillbirths.
What can a build up of tar in the lungs lead to?
Alveoli breaking down which reduces the surface area to volume ratio of the lungs.
