B7

Question 1

Question overview

Answer 1

Define metabolic diseases
Define the gut microbiome
Define enterotypes and give some examples
Discuss different studies that have highlighted how our gut microbiome impacts what we eat

Question 2

Metabolic disease

Answer 2

Umbrella term to describe a disease that interrupts normal metabolic process.

Question 3

Metabolic disease examples

Answer 3

Type 2
Hypertension
Obesity

Question 4

Metabolic syndrome definition

Answer 4

When an individual has several metabolic diseases.
Associated with higher risk of CVDs

Question 5

Gut microbiome definition

Answer 5

All bacteria, fungi, viruses in our gastrointestinal tract
Found in the large intestine
Contains many more cells and DNA than the host

Question 6

Micro-ecological niches

Answer 6

Different microbes thrive in different environments and so it means all microbiomes have a different niche

Question 7

Enterotype

Answer 7

Used by microbiologists to differentiate individual gut microbiomes into groups with similar qualities

Question 8

Examples of enterotypes

Answer 8

Bacteroides enterotype
Prevotella enterotype

Question 9

Bacteroides enterotype

Answer 9

Rich in bacteria for Bacteroides genus

Question 10

Prevotella Enterotype

Answer 10

Dominated by bacteria from prevotella genus

Question 11

Gut microbiome role

Answer 11

Plays a role in our digestive system as it helps digest foods our cells are not able to.
Can digest fibre we are not able to absorb and utilise

Question 12

Danish research2018

Answer 12

Those with higher Prevotelle enterotype benefit from a high fibre diet for weight loss

Question 13

Benefits of Danish research

Answer 13

Randomised control trial
Appropriate to advice an individual with a high prevotella enterotype to consume more fibre to loose weight while someone with bacteroides enterotype might need to look at reducing intake of foods like saturated fat.

Question 14

Cons of Danish research

Answer 14

62 participants
When group them reduces statistical power massively

Question 15

Japanese immigrant study

Answer 15

When Japanese individuals migrated to western world microbiome decreased in diversity and they got fatter.

Those who moved to haiwaii not as extreme as california. Suggest diet has a role in it.

Question 16

Cons to Japanese immigrant study

Answer 16

Unable to determine what came first change in microbiome or obesity as observational