B4

Question 1

Order of Question

Answer 1

Overview of gut microbiome
Definition overview
Supplement the gut microbiome
Observational studies on different microbiomes
Importance of fibre
Glycaemic response and the gut microbiome

Question 2

Gut microbiome

Answer 2

Bacteria, fungi and viruses in out GI tract
Usually in the large intestine in healthy individuals

Question 3

Gut microbiome role

Answer 3

Digesting food we can not
Creates short chain fatty acids

Question 4

Microbiome variation

Answer 4

Contains more cells and DNA than we have.
Different microbes thrive better in different environments leading to micro-ecological niches.

Question 5

Commensal

Answer 5

Plays a beneficial role

Question 6

Pathogenic

Answer 6

Dangerous and can cause disease

Question 7

Gut brain axis

Answer 7

Microbiome link to brain
Relatively novel area but as highlighted at winter conference it is incredibly important for brain health

Question 8

Nutriotional supplements

Answer 8

Gut ones ahve become increasingly popular with the rise of kefir and kambucha
Can be pre-biotic or pro-biotic

Question 9

Prebiotic

Answer 9

Promote growth of bacteria
Things that include dietary fibre that is beneficial for gut health

Question 10

Probiotic

Answer 10

Beneficial bacteria administered alive to promote health
Actimel

Question 11

Microbiome formation

Answer 11

In warly years with relatively few changes after the age of two
Determined by food eaten such as breast of formula

Question 12

Initial observational studies microbiome

Answer 12

Found depending on diet determined microbiome type
Western, med, eastern all had different microbiomes

Question 13

Asian migrant study

Answer 13

When moved from east to west
Microbiome less diverse and increase in weight

Question 14

Western diet vs Eastern

Answer 14

Western diet is high in processed foods, saturated fat

Question 15

Issues with Asian migrant study

Answer 15

Hard to determine if change in microbiome caused obesity or other way around
What came first chicken or the egg
As observational can not find causation just correlation

Question 16

Other way diet interacts with microbiome

Answer 16

Fibre.
Need to have fibre for butyrate.
Provides energy for gut microbiome preventing utilising mucosal layer.
If this happens microbiome directly on cells causing gastro distress

Question 17

Microbiome and glycaemic response

Answer 17

Some enterotypes white bread causes a high glycaemic resposne and sourdough a small one
Other individuals opposite

Question 18

Why glycaemic response matters

Answer 18

When looking at a pre-diabetic it alters what recommendations to make