A3

Question 1

Order of answer

Answer 1

Define personalised nutrition
Gene interactions (nutrigenetics and genomics)
FTO
AMY1
MASLD (PNPLA3)
DNA Methylation
Selenoproteins

Question 2

Personalised nutrition defnition

Answer 2

Takes into account how different people genotype may impact there overall phenotype and so results in change in requirements needed to benefit health.

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

DNA sequence an individual has

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

How genes are expressed through observational traits

Question 5

John Matters

Answer 5

How diet and genetic interact for a persons NCDs
Described it as a pendulum - genetic information determines your starting risk but diet and lifestyle have ability to sway the outcomes

Question 6

How does our diet interact with our genes

Answer 6

Nutrigenetics
Nutrigenomics

Question 7

Nutrigenetics

Answer 7

How your genetic information impact how you digest and process different nutrients

Question 8

Nutrigenomics

Answer 8

How what you eat impacts what genes are express

Question 9

Obesity and genetics

Answer 9

Norwegian twin study found 40% of obese cases are hereditary
127 different gene loci that have been identified
Each play a small role to have a huge impact

Question 10

FTO region

Answer 10

Research in 2011 found it plays a role in appetite regulation. If a person has at risk they are on average 3kg heavier
Also consumption of saturated fat increase there risk of obesity greater

Question 11

AMY1

Answer 11

AMY1 produces salivary amylase in salivary glands
Research in Mexico found that the more of this gene repetition an individual has the skinner they are
Same outcome not seen in the UK
Highlights complicated nature

Question 12

MASLD

Answer 12

Genetic information determines how respond to food and progression of disease.

Question 13

Welcome study

Answer 13

Found SNP of PNPLA3 where certain nutrients caused further progression in the disease

Research did not highlight different diets so relationship can not be determined by the reader

Question 14

DNA Methylation

Answer 14

Some areas wrapped around DNA really tightly
Need to unwind to be able to express
Cytosine needs to be methylated

Citrus fruit has been shown to support this

Question 15

Selenoprotein

Answer 15

Coded used UGA which is a stop codon if no selenium is present

Play a role in tumour suppression

Question 16

Selenium deficiency

Answer 16

Selenoprotein can not be made so UGA acts as a stop codon making a nonsense protein