A1

Question 1

Order for A1

Answer 1

Broad definition
Why personalised
Types of studies
Food4Me
What i would do

Question 2

Personalised nutrition definition

Answer 2

When an individuals characteristics are considered to produce targeted advice

Question 3

Why Personalised nutrition

Answer 3

Idea is each person is unique and as such they require different nutritional interventions

Question 4

Characteristics to consider

Answer 4

Preferences
Goals
Age
Ethnicity
Microbiome
Genotype
Phenotype

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

DNA sequence an individual has

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

How are genes are expressed through observational traits

Question 7

How doe nutrients interact with genes

Answer 7

Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics
Interact with genes to present our phenotype

Question 7

Nutrigenetics

Answer 7

How genetics impacts the way with digest and process nutrients

Question 7

Nutrigenetics example

Answer 7

Example would be FTO region
Increases risk of obesity

Question 8

Nutrigenomics

Answer 8

How nutrients interact with genes for them to be expressed

Question 9

Nutrigenomics example

Answer 9

DNA methylation

Question 10

Current Public Health Nutritional Advice

Answer 10

One size fits all
Eat well plate

Question 11

Issues with current nutritional advice

Answer 11

NCDs and Obesity continue to increase

Question 12

Why has personalised nutrition grown in recent years

Answer 12

Human genome project unlocked potential
Brands such as Zoe have brought awareness of personalised nutrition to the public

Question 13

Historical example of personalised nutrition

Answer 13

Aztecs noticed PKU due to effect it had on urine colour

Question 14

Types of personalised nutrition studies

Answer 14

Observational
GWAS studies
Randomised control trials
Systematic and meta-analysis reviews

Question 15

Observational studies

Answer 15

Longitudinal
Prospective cohort
Cross sectional
Find relationship between genotypes and diet/ health status

Question 16

GWAS studies

Answer 16

Genome wide association study
Large observational that tracks lots of genomes and health traits.
Can use GWAS to confirm findings from other observational studies

Question 17

Randomised control trial

Answer 17

Investigate how gene associations seen in observational work in a practical sense
Confirm hypothesis for mechanisms
Allows for more control and doesn’t rely on recall bias as much.
Parallel or crossover

Question 18

Systematic and meta-anlaysis

Answer 18

Look at lots of different studies to summarise and understand findings

Question 19

Food4Me study methodology

Answer 19

Personalised nutrition across 7 different countries
Advice given online
One control group 3 different personalised groups
Randomised control parallel study

Question 20

Personalisation Food4Me

Answer 20

1. Preferences
2. Preferences and anthropometric measurements
3. Preferences, anthropometric and genetic information

Question 21

How was genetic information used food4me

Answer 21

Before the trial researchers agreed on which genes they would look at for determining personalisation using most up to date research at the time

Question 22

Findings of Food4me

Answer 22

Personalisation helped loose weight compared with control
However, there was no differences between the three different levels of personalisation

Question 22

Cons of food4me study

Answer 22

Control group was clearly generic advice
If person signed up for study hoping for personalised advice unlikely to respond to clear generic advice

Question 23

If i was to do a study

Answer 23

Randomised control trial parallel
Control group receive information in same format as personalised group and have same level of interaction with researchers
Pre-determine what genes to focus on prior to trial
Complete a longevity study as current research has mostly focused on shorter studies