Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology AQA GCSE > B7 > Flashcards

B7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Biology 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

what is a producer

A

a living thing that makes its own food from sunlight, air, and soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

producers are always

A

photosynthetic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are producers eaten by

A

primary consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

who eat primary consumers

A

secondary consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are prey

A

the animals that are eaten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are secondary consumers eaten by

A

tertiary consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a stable community

A

one where all biotic and abiotic factors are in balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are predators

A

the animals that kill and eat prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are trophic levels

A

different stages in the food chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are apex predators

A

a predator at the top of a food chain, without natural predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is biomass

A

dry mass of a living organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do pyramids of biomass show

A

the relative biomass at each trophic level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do the pyramids of numbers show

A

number of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

approximately how much of the biomass of each trophic level is transferred to the next

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is biomass lost

A
  • not all of the biomass can be eaten
  • heat is lost to the surroundings
  • waste products such as co2 and urea or faeces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is interdependence

A

interdependence describes how organisms ina community depend on other organisms for vital services e.g. food, shelter, reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an abiotic factor

A

a non-living factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

name 7 abiotic factors that can affect a community

A
  1. light intensity
  2. temperature
  3. moisture levels
  4. soil ph and mineral content
  5. wind intensity and direction
  6. co2 levels
  7. o2 levels for aquatic animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a biotic factor

A

a living factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name 4 biotic factors that can affect a community

A
  1. food availability
  2. new predators
  3. new pathogens
  4. competition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define structural adaptation

A

the physical features which allow them to compete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

give an example of structural adaptation

A

sharp teeth to tear meat apart, camouflage, thick layer of fat for insulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

define behavioural adaption

A

behaviours which give them an advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

give an example of behavioural adaption

A

individuals playing dead to avoid predators, basking in the sun to absorb heat, courting behaviour to attract a mate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

define functional adaptation

A

processes such as repreduction, metablosim and temperature regulation which allow them to compete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

give an example of functional adaption

A

late implantation of embryos, conservation of water through producing little sweat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are extremophiles

A

animals that live in environments which have extreme conditions e.g. high temperature, pressure and salt concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

give an adaptation an extremophile may have in cold climates

A

smaller surface area to volume ratio to reduce heat loss via energy transfer, lots of insulation

29
Q

give an adaptation an extremophile may have in dry climates

A

adaptions to kidneys sot hat they can retain its of water and produce very concentrated urine, being active in early morning and evenings when its cooler, resting in shady areas, large surface area to volume ratio to increase heat loss via energy transfer

30
Q

give an adaptation an extremophile may have in plant adaptations

A

curled leaves to reduce water loss, extensive root systems to take in as much water as possible, waxy cuticle to stop water evaporating, water storing tissue in stem

31
Q

what is te role of a produce

A

use energy from sunlight to make glucose during photosynthesis

32
Q

what is abundance

A

the number of species in an area

33
Q

what is distribution

A

the number of specie changes from one area to another

34
Q

diff between a quadrat and transect

A

the quadrat is the square, the transect is the line [we use them for smapling]

35
Q

describe the carbon cycle

A

Carbon is taken out of the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide by plants and algae during photosynthesis (the carbon is used to make glucose, which can be turned into carbohydrates, fats and proteins – biomass – within plants and algae).
This carbon is passed on to animals (and microorganisms) when they feed on plants and algae.
It is returned to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide, during respiration by plants, animals and microorganisms (that release CO2 during decomposition).
If animals and plants die in conditions where decomposing microorganisms are not present, the carbon in their bodies can be converted, over millions of years and significant pressure, into fossil fuels.
When wood or fossil fuels are burned (a process is known as combustion), the carbon within them combines with oxygen and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

36
Q

describe the water cycle

A

Energy from the Sun turns water from a Liquid to a gas.
Plants allow some water to evaporate from their Leaves. This ensures water is continuously ‘pulled’ from the soil and travels through the plant to its leaves the transpiration stream).
When water vapour cools, water turns from a gas into a liquid.
The falling of rain, snow and sleet from the sky.

37
Q

how does temperature affect the rate of decomposition

A

chemical reactions generally faster in warmer conditions but if it is too hot the enzymes can denature and stop decomposition. low temperatures mean there is a slow rate of reaction with the enzymes

38
Q

how does water affect the rate of decomposition

A

microorganisms grow faster in conditions with water as it is needed for respiration. water also makes food easier to digest

39
Q

how does the availability of oxygen affect the rate of decomposition

A

most decomposers respire aerobically

40
Q

when can we use decomposition

A

compost (fertiliser), biogas generators to produce methane gas (fuel)

41
Q

required practical: effects of temperature on decay

A

Make a solution of milk and phenolphthalein indicator.
Add sodium carbonate which will cause the solution to become alkaline and therefore appear pink.
Place the tube in a water bath at a specific temperature.
Add the lipase enzyme and begin stopwatch.
Time how long it takes for the pink colour to disappear (i.e. when the pH has decreased).
Repeat this at different temperatures to see at which temperature the pink colour disappears the quickest, indicating the quickest decomposition.

42
Q

what do environmental changes affect

A

the distribution of species in an ecosystem

43
Q

name 3 environmental changes

A

temperature, water availability, atmospheric gas conditions

44
Q

what is biodiversity

A

the variety of different species of organisms on earth or within an ecosystem

45
Q

what does a high biodiversity mean

A

the ecosystem will be stable and species are less dependent on each other

46
Q

as humans are we having a positive or negative effect on biodiversit

A

negative

47
Q

how are we affecting biodiversity

A

using more land for buildings, farmings, roads = destroying habitats
pollution = kills plants andanimals
using up raw materials quicker than they are being produced

48
Q

what are peat bogs

A

areas of land that are waterlogged and acidic – plants living in bogs do not decay fully when they die due to a lack of oxygen

49
Q

how are peat bogs

A

source of fuel for us and are used as a habitat particular for migrating birds

50
Q

what is deforestation

A

the cutting down of a large number of trees in the same area in order to use the land for something else

51
Q

why does deforestation happen

A

to provide land for cattle and rice fields and to grow crops

52
Q

what problems are caused by deforestation

A

global warming, less co2 is being taken in, number of habitats are reducing = decreasing biodiversity

53
Q

define global warming

A

the temperature around the world is increasing

54
Q

consequences of global warming

A

ice caps melting, rising sea levels, temperature and rainfall levels affect migration, organisms becoming extinct

55
Q

programs put into place to maintain biodiversity

A
  1. Breeding programs: to stop endangered species from becoming extinct.
  2. Protection of rare habitats: to stop the species here from becoming extinct, if damaged they may even be regenerated to encourage populations to live here
  3. Reintroduction of hedgerows and field margins around land where only one type of crop is grown: maintains biodiversity as the hedgerows provide a habitat for lots of organisms (because a field of one crop would not be able to support many organisms) and field margins provide areas where will flowers and grasses can grow.
  4. Reduction of deforestation and carbon dioxide production: reduces the rate of global warming, slowing down the rate that habitats are destroyed
  5. Recycling rather than dumping waste in landfill, reduces the amount of land taken up for landfills, and slows the rate we are using up natural resources.
56
Q

how do decomposers break down dead plant and animal matrer

A

they secrete enzymes and the matter is broken down into small soluble food molecules and they move into the microorganism via diffusion

57
Q

name 6 factors affecting food security

A
  1. increasing birth rate
  2. changing diets in developed countries
  3. new pests and pathogens
  4. climate change
  5. conflicts
  6. cost of agriculture input
58
Q

what is food security

A

having sufficient food to feed the population

59
Q

how do farmers increase the amount of energy that is converted to the biomass in livestock

A

reducing the energy transfer from the animals to the environment.
e.g. raising them in small cages = less movement, kept at high temperatures so that less energy is wasted on controlling body temp, high protein foods

60
Q

ethical objections on farming techniques

A

animals are kept in small areas = distress, increases risk of spread of infection, standard of living is low

61
Q

what restrictions have been put into place for sustainable fishing

A

making fish nets bigger (limits of net sizes), fishing quotas are in place

62
Q

what is biotechnology

A

the alteration and use of living organisms to produce products for human use

63
Q

what can biotechnology be used for

A

feed the population and provide treatments, potentially, for a number of diseases

64
Q

what can produce mycoprotein

A

fusarium

65
Q

why is mycoprotein good

A

it is a protein-rich food source and suitable for vegetarians

66
Q

describe the production of fusarium

A

its grown on glucose in aerobic conditions. the fungus is harvested and purified so that it can be consumed

67
Q

what are the advantages of mycoprotein

A

reduces land use and methane contribution

68
Q

what can the insulin produced from genetically modified bacteria do

A

treat people with diabetes

69
Q

what are some advantages of genetically modifying crops

A

make them resistant to pests or extreme weather conditions = increase in yields, increase nutritional value means places where they lack certain vitamins are able to have them (e.g. golden rice)

Biology AQA GCSE (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions