B4 Flashcards
what is respiration
an exothermic reaction which transfers energy from glucose and is continuously occurring in cells
which type of respiration is more commom
aerobic
equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O2 + O2 - > CO2+H2O
which type of respiration yields the most energy
aerobic
where do most of the reactions that make up aerobic respiration occur
mitochondria
when does anaerobic respiration occur
when there isn’t enough oxygen
which type of respiration is the least efficient
anaerobic
equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
C6H12O6 - > Lactic acid
what is the equation for photosynthesis
CO2+H2O - > C6H12O6 + O2
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast cells (also known as fermentation)
C6H12O2 - > ethanol + CO2
when exercising more energy is needed in order for
muscles to contract
when respiration has to occur faster…
more oxygen needs to be supplied to cells and more CO2 needs to be removed
how is oxygen supplied to the cells faster
- heart rate increases
- breathing rate increases
- breath volume increases
what is oxygen debt
the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
what does oxygen debt lead to
muscles tiring and not contracting properly
how do we get rid of oxygen debt
oxygen is needed
what is lactic acid
incomplete breakdown of glucose molecule
how is lactic acid converted back to glucose
blood flowing through the muscles transport it to the liver where it is converted back to glucose
what is metabolism
the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
what is metabolism controlled by
enzymes
what is fermentation
anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
how is urea excreted from the body
urine
where in the body does respiration take place
every single cell
energy is released in respiration. give uses of the energy released in respiration
to allow organisms move
active transport
keeping warm
describe two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans. do not refer to oxygen in your answer
anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic
lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration whereas in aerobic respiration its carbon dioxide/water
explain how the effect of adrenaline on heart rate may cause reaction time to decrease
increases heart rate which increases the oxygen to the brain. thus there is an increased rate of respiration. therefore more energy is released faster for muscle contraction
describe how increased heart rate, increased breathing rate and increased blood glucose concentration would improve athletic performance
the increased heart rate increases cardiac output and oxygen pumped out. the increased breathing rate increases the rate of oxygen that is provided to the cells and the carbon dioxide removed. the increase in glucose concentration provides more glucose and thus more energy for muscle contraction. it also means respiration can occur faster
What are the two products of anaerobic respiration in plant cell
ethanol
carbon dioxide
