B6 - Energy Systems Flashcards
Hur många TWh (terrawattimmar) konsumerades globalt 2023?
Svaret är en ökning med ___ ggr jämfört med 1800-talet
164000h
29ggr ökning
GLOBALT
What does today’s energy mix mainly consist of?
What percentage does solar/wind/biofuels/hydropower account for?
What percentage does ONLY solar/wind energy account for?
Non-renewable sources like oil/gas/coal
<6%
<2.5%
What is the single largest source of global temperature increase?
Coal
Förklara energibegreppen med igår/idag-perspektiv
production
market
transmission
distribution
consumer
Production: few large power plants//many small power producers
Market: centralised, national//decentralised,borderless
Transmission: large power lines&pipes//smaller scale, regional supply compensation
Distribution: top to bottom // both directions
Consumer: passive, only consuming // active, consuming&producing (solceller på tak)
Se 4/30 i pp
What is a Sankey diagram?
A diagram that shows
- energy &energy transformation, VISUELLT & KVANTITATIVT
- nationell/regional/småskalig nivå
Nämn några energikällor
Gas
Nuclear
Coal
Hydrotermic
Solar
Wind
Wave
Hydro
Tidal
What are the two kinds of solar panels?
- Solar thermal (heat liquids)
- Solar photovoltaics (produce electricity
Explain a CENTRALIZED generation energy system
- energi lagras på stora anläggningar
- levereras till konsumenten mha stora ledningsnätverk
- mycket av energin som dras vid anläggningarna faller bort under överföringen till konsumenterna
Explain a DISTRIBUTED generation energy system
- energianläggningarna ligger närmre konsumenten
- fler men mindre
- mer uppdelat
Define ”energy services”
Functions performed using energy in order to obtain/facilitate desired end services
The industrial sector mainly uses _______ to run processes
a) biofuels and electricity
b) district heat, electricity and biofuels
c) petroleum products, ie gasoline, diesel oil and jet fuel
A
The residential and service sector mainly uses _____
a) biofuels and electricity
b) district heat, electricity and biofuels
c) petroleum products, ie gasoline, diesel oil and jet fuel
B
The transport sector mainly uses _____
a) biofuels and electricity
b) district heat, electricity and biofuels
c) petroleum products, ie gasoline, diesel oil and jet fuel
C (with a growing share of electricity and biofuels)
The 3 main EU energy goals by 2030 are…
- Reduce energy consumption by 32.5% through improved energy efficiency
- At least 32% of the energy consumption is to be provided by renewable sources
- 14% of energy consumption in the transport section is to be provided from renewable sources
The Swedish energy goals are…
- 50% more efficient energy consumption in 2030 compared to 2005
- In 2040, 100% of electricity shall be produced from renewable sources
How many % of the Swedish electricity was generated from renewable sources?
61%
Distribution of the electricity generation in Sweden (2022) - Fix the pairs
Hydropower
Non-renewable
Nuclear
Solar
Wind
61%
29%
19%
10%
1%
Hydropower - 61%
Nuclear - 29%
Wind - 19%
Non renewable - 10%
Solar - 1%
Electricity and district heating account for more than _____% of the energy use in the residential and service sector
80%
What are the top 3 energy carriers?
- Electricity
- Biofuels
- District heating (most common in non-residential facilities)
Var används petroleum som energikälla?
Mainly machinery in agriculture, foresting, fishing, construction
(lite heating)
Why did the energy prices for the households rise during the beginning of the 2000s?
Bc of increased fuel prices and energy taxes
Why is the Swedish emission rate relatively low compared to the amount of energy that we use?
80% of our electricity production stems from nuclear & hydroelectric power rather than coal
The average American releases almost ____ as much CO2 as the average Swede
A) 8
B) 4
C) 6
4
How do we aim to become more energy efficient?
- building regulations: limiting the specific energy use —>
90kWh/m2 single family houses
85kWh/m2 multi-dwelling blocks
80kWh/m2 non-residential premises - support for renovation and efficiency of rental apartments
- refurbishment of schools
- energy performance certificate act
What’s the purpose of Svenska Kraftnät?
- ensuring that our energy supply is prepped for extreme events
- the Swedish authority of electricity contingency planning
GOTHENBURG ENERGY PLAN
What are the energy goals for climate mitigation?
- Reduce energy use in households and premises
- Produce energy only from renewable sources
- Reduce climate impact from transport
Name some stakeholders in the Gbg climate programme
Business region of gothenburg
Planning and building department
Various property owners
Gryaab
Göteborgs energi
Göteborgs Hamn
Renova
Sustainable water and waste department
Cultural affairs department etc
Energy hierarchy - what are the 4 categories and how do they rank?
Best
Energy reduction
Energy recycling
Renewable energy
Fossil fuels
Worst
What is the normal type of utilization for…
Electricity
Oil and gas
Steam
Hot water
Warm water
Electricity: lighting, vehicles, industrial processes, electronics
Oil and gas: vehicles, industrial processes
Steam: industrial processes
Hot water: heating
Warm water: heating for low temps
What measures can be taken for a sustainable energy system (8)?
- Flexible and secure energy system
- Energy efficiency if the municipal sector
- Same as 2 but for the private sector
- Renewable electricity
- Renewable and recycled heating
- Renewable and recycled cooling
- Energy efficient and fossil fuel free transport and working machines
- Carbon capture and storage
